Discovery BoxDaniel 8:3
Context8:3 I looked up 1 and saw 2 a 3 ram with two horns standing at the canal. Its two horns were both long, 4 but one was longer than the other. The longer one was coming up after the shorter one.
Daniel 8:8-9
Context8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns 5 in its place, 6 extending toward the four winds of the sky. 7
8:9 From one of them came a small horn. 8 But it grew to be very big, toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. 9
Daniel 8:20-21
Context8:20 The ram that you saw with the two horns stands for the kings of Media and Persia. 8:21 The male goat 10 is the king of Greece, 11 and the large horn between its eyes is the first king.
[8:3] 1 tn Heb “lifted my eyes.”
[8:3] 3 tn Heb “one.” The Hebrew numerical adjective occasionally functions like an English indefinite article. See GKC 401 §125.b.
[8:3] 4 tn Heb “high” (also “higher” later in this verse).
[8:8] 5 tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.
[8:8] 6 sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.
[8:8] 7 tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.
[8:9] 9 sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164
[8:9] 10 sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsÿvi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”).
[8:21] 13 tn Heb “the he-goat, the buck.” The expression is odd, and the second word may be an explanatory gloss.
