Daniel 8:3

8:3 I looked up ¹  and saw ²  a ³  ram with two horns standing at the canal. Its two horns were both long, ⁴  but one was longer than the other. The longer one was coming up after the shorter one.

Daniel 7:8

7:8 “As I was contemplating the horns, another horn – a small one – came up between them, and three of the former horns were torn out by the roots to make room for it. ⁵  This horn had eyes resembling human eyes and a mouth speaking arrogant ⁶  things.

Daniel 8:20

8:20 The ram that you saw with the two horns stands for the kings of Media and Persia.

Daniel 7:24

7:24 The ten horns

mean that ten kings will arise from that kingdom.

Another king will arise after them,

but he will be different from the earlier ones.

He will humiliate ⁷  three kings.

Daniel 7:20

7:20 I also wanted to know ⁸  the meaning of the ten horns on its head, and of that other horn which came up and before which three others fell. This was the horn that had eyes ⁹  and a mouth speaking arrogant things, whose appearance was more formidable than the others. ¹⁰ 

Daniel 8:6

8:6 It came to the two-horned ram that I had seen standing beside the canal and rushed against it with raging strength. ¹¹ 

Daniel 8:8

8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns ¹²  in its place, ¹³  extending toward the four winds of the sky. ¹⁴ 

Daniel 7:7

7:7 “After these things, as I was watching in the night visions ¹⁵  a fourth beast appeared – one dreadful, terrible, and very strong. ¹⁶  It had two large rows ¹⁷  of iron teeth. It devoured and crushed, and anything that was left it trampled with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that came before it, and it had ten horns.

Daniel 8:7

8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram ¹⁸  and struck it ¹⁹  and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it. ²⁰  The goat hurled the ram ²¹  to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power. ²² 

Daniel 8:22

8:22 The horn that was broken ²³  and in whose place there arose four others stands for four kingdoms that will arise from his nation, though they will not have his strength.

Daniel 8:9

8:9 From one of them came a small horn. ²⁴  But it grew to be very big, toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. ²⁵ 

[8:3]  ¹ tn Heb “lifted my eyes.”

[8:3]  ² tn Heb “and behold.”

[8:3]  ³ tn Heb “one.” The Hebrew numerical adjective occasionally functions like an English indefinite article. See GKC 401 §125.b.

[8:3]  ⁴ tn Heb “high” (also “higher” later in this verse).

[7:8]  ⁵ tn Aram “were uprooted from before it.”

[7:8]  ⁶ tn Aram “great.” So also in vv. 11, 20.

[7:24]  ⁹ tn Or “subjugate”; KJV, NASB, NIV “subdue”; ASV, NRSV “put down.”

[7:20]  ¹³ tn The words “I also wanted to know” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[7:20]  ¹⁴ tc The conjunction in the MT before “eyes” is odd. The ancient versions do not seem to presuppose it.

[7:20]  ¹⁵ tn Aram “greater than its companions.”

[8:6]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the wrath of its strength.”

[8:8]  ²¹ tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

[8:8]  ²² sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.

[8:8]  ²³ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[7:7]  ²⁵ tn The Aramaic text has also “and behold.” So also in vv. 8, 13.

[7:7]  ²⁶ sn The fourth animal differs from the others in that it is nondescript. Apparently it was so fearsome that Daniel could find nothing with which to compare it. Attempts to identify this animal as an elephant or other known creature are conjectural.

[7:7]  ²⁷ tn The Aramaic word for “teeth” is dual rather than plural, suggesting two rows of teeth.

[8:7]  ²⁹ tn Heb “him.”

[8:7]  ³⁰ tn Heb “the ram.”

[8:7]  ³¹ tn Heb “stand before him.”

[8:7]  ³² tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:7]  ³³ sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).

[8:22]  ³³ tn Heb “the broken one.” The word “horn” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.

[8:9]  ³⁷ sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164 B.C. Antiochus was extremely hostile toward the Jews and persecuted them mercilessly.

[8:9]  ³⁸ sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsÿvi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”).