Daniel 8:5

8:5 While I was contemplating all this, ¹  a male goat ²  was coming from the west over the surface of all the land ³  without touching the ground. This goat had a conspicuous horn ⁴  between its eyes.

Daniel 8:7

8:7 I saw it approaching the ram. It went into a fit of rage against the ram ⁵  and struck it ⁶  and broke off its two horns. The ram had no ability to resist it. ⁷  The goat hurled the ram ⁸  to the ground and trampled it. No one could deliver the ram from its power. ⁹ 

Daniel 10:16

10:16 Then ¹⁰  one who appeared to be a human being ¹¹  was touching my lips. I opened my mouth and started to speak, saying to the one who was standing before me, “Sir, ¹²  due to the vision, anxiety has gripped me and I have no strength.

[8:5]  ¹ tn The words “all this” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.

[8:5]  ² tn Heb “and behold, a he-goat of the goats.”

[8:5]  ³ tn Or “of the whole earth” (NAB, ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[8:5]  ⁴ tn Heb “a horn of vision” [or “conspicuousness”], i.e., “a conspicuous horn,” one easily seen.

[8:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “him.”

[8:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “the ram.”

[8:7]  ⁷ tn Heb “stand before him.”

[8:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “he hurled him.” The referents of both pronouns (the male goat and the ram) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:7]  ⁹ sn The goat of Daniel’s vision represents Greece; the large horn represents Alexander the Great. The ram stands for Media-Persia. Alexander’s rapid conquest of the Persians involved three battles of major significance which he won against overwhelming odds: Granicus (334 B.C.), Isus (333 B.C.), and Gaugemela (331 B.C.).

[10:16]  ⁹ tn Heb “Behold.”

[10:16]  ¹⁰ tc So most Hebrew MSS; one Hebrew MS along with the Dead Sea Scrolls and LXX read “something that looked like a man’s hand.”

[10:16]  ¹¹ tn Heb “my lord,” here a title of polite address. Cf. v. 19.