Daniel 8:9

8:9 From one of them came a small horn. ¹  But it grew to be very big, toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. ² 

Daniel 11:11

11:11 “Then the king of the south ³  will be enraged and will march out to fight against the king of the north, who will also muster a large army, but that army will be delivered into his hand.

Daniel 11:14-15

11:14 “In those times many will oppose ⁴  the king of the south. ⁵  Those who are violent ⁶  among your own people will rise up in confirmation of ⁷  the vision, but they will falter. 11:15 Then the king of the north will advance and will build siege mounds and capture a well-fortified city. ⁸  The forces of the south will not prevail, not even his finest contingents. ⁹  They will have no strength to prevail.

Daniel 11:40

11:40 “At the time of the end the king of the south will attack ¹⁰  him. Then the king of the north will storm against him ¹¹  with chariots, horsemen, and a large armada of ships. ¹²  He ¹³  will invade lands, passing through them like an overflowing river. ¹⁴ 

[8:9]  ¹ sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164 B.C. Antiochus was extremely hostile toward the Jews and persecuted them mercilessly.

[8:9]  ² sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsÿvi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”).

[11:11]  ³ sn This king of the south refers to Ptolemy IV Philopator (ca. 221-204 B.C.).

[11:14]  ⁵ tn Heb “stand against.”

[11:14]  ⁶ sn This was Ptolemy V Epiphanes (ca. 203-181 B.C.).

[11:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “sons of violence.” “Son(s) is sometimes used idiomatically in Hebrew to indicate that someone is characterized by a certain quality. So the expression “sons of violence” means that these individuals will be characterized by violent deeds.

[11:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “to cause to stand.”

[11:15]  ⁷ sn This well-fortified city is apparently Sidon. Its capture from the Ptolemies by Antiochus the Great was a strategic victory for the Seleucid kingdom.

[11:15]  ⁸ tn Or “choice troops” (BDB 104 s.v. מִבְחָר), or “elite troops” (HALOT 542 s.v. מִבְחָר).

[11:40]  ⁹ tn Heb “engage in thrusting.”

[11:40]  ¹⁰ tn The referent of the pronoun is most likely the king of the south, in which case the text describes the king of the north countering the attack of the king of the south.

[11:40]  ¹¹ tn Heb “many ships.”

[11:40]  ¹² tn This most likely refers to the king of the north who, in response to the aggression of the king of the south, launches an invasion of the southern regions.

[11:40]  ¹³ tn Heb “and will overflow and pass over.”