Daniel 8:9

8:9 From one of them came a small horn. ¹  But it grew to be very big, toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. ² 

Daniel 7:8

7:8 “As I was contemplating the horns, another horn – a small one – came up between them, and three of the former horns were torn out by the roots to make room for it. ³  This horn had eyes resembling human eyes and a mouth speaking arrogant ⁴  things.

Daniel 8:5

8:5 While I was contemplating all this, ⁵  a male goat ⁶  was coming from the west over the surface of all the land ⁷  without touching the ground. This goat had a conspicuous horn ⁸  between its eyes.

[8:9]  ¹ sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164 B.C. Antiochus was extremely hostile toward the Jews and persecuted them mercilessly.

[8:9]  ² sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsÿvi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”).

[7:8]  ³ tn Aram “were uprooted from before it.”

[7:8]  ⁴ tn Aram “great.” So also in vv. 11, 20.

[8:5]  ⁵ tn The words “all this” are added in the translation for stylistic reasons and for clarification.

[8:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “and behold, a he-goat of the goats.”

[8:5]  ⁷ tn Or “of the whole earth” (NAB, ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[8:5]  ⁸ tn Heb “a horn of vision” [or “conspicuousness”], i.e., “a conspicuous horn,” one easily seen.