Deuteronomy 10:4

10:4 The Lord ¹  then wrote on the tablets the same words, ²  the ten commandments, ³  which he ⁴  had spoken to you at the mountain from the middle of the fire at the time of that assembly, and he ⁵  gave them to me.

Exodus 34:1-2

The New Tablets of the Covenant

34:1 ⁶ The Lord said to Moses, “Cut out ⁷  two tablets of stone like the first, and I will write ⁸  on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you smashed. 34:2 Be prepared ⁹  in the morning, and go up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and station yourself ¹⁰  for me there on the top of the mountain.

Exodus 34:4

34:4 So Moses ¹¹  cut out two tablets of stone like the first; ¹²  early in the morning he went up ¹³  to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone.

[10:4]  ¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[10:4]  ² tn Heb “according to the former writing.” See note on the phrase “the same words” in v. 2.

[10:4]  ³ tn Heb “ten words.” The “Ten Commandments” are known in Hebrew as the “Ten Words,” which in Greek became the “Decalogue.”

[10:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “the Lord.” The pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

[10:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” earlier in this verse.

[34:1]  ⁶ sn The restoration of the faltering community continues in this chapter. First, Moses is instructed to make new tablets and take them to the mountain (1-4). Then, through the promised theophany God proclaims his moral character (5-8). Moses responds with the reiteration of the intercession (8), and God responds with the renewal of the covenant (10-28). To put these into expository form, as principles, the chapter would run as follows: I. God provides for spiritual renewal (1-4), II. God reminds people of his moral standard (5-9), III. God renews his covenant promises and stipulations (10-28).

[34:1]  ⁷ tn The imperative is followed by the preposition with a suffix expressing the ethical dative; it strengthens the instruction for Moses. Interestingly, the verb “cut out, chisel, hew,” is the same verb from which the word for a “graven image” is derived – פָּסַל (pasal).

[34:1]  ⁸ tn The perfect tense with vav consecutive makes the value of this verb equal to an imperfect tense, probably a simple future here.

[34:2]  ⁹ tn The form is a Niphal participle that means “be prepared, be ready.” This probably means that Moses was to do in preparation what the congregation had to do back in Exod 19:11-15.

[34:2]  ¹⁰ sn The same word is used in Exod 33:21. It is as if Moses was to be at his post when Yahweh wanted to communicate to him.

[34:4]  ¹¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent has been specified here and the name “Moses,” which occurs later in this verse, has been replaced with the pronoun (“he”), both for stylistic reasons.

[34:4]  ¹² sn Deuteronomy says that Moses was also to make an ark of acacia wood before the tablets, apparently to put the tablets in until the sanctuary was built. But this ark may not have been the ark built later; or, it might be the wood box, but Bezalel still had to do all the golden work with it.

[34:4]  ¹³ tn The line reads “and Moses got up early in the morning and went up.” These verbs likely form a verbal hendiadys, the first one with its prepositional phrase serving in an adverbial sense.