Discovery BoxDeuteronomy 11:1-15
Context11:1 You must love the Lord your God and do what he requires; keep his statutes, ordinances, and commandments 1 at all times. 11:2 Bear in mind today that I am not speaking 2 to your children who have not personally experienced the judgments 3 of the Lord your God, which revealed 4 his greatness, strength, and power. 5 11:3 They did not see 6 the awesome deeds he performed 7 in the midst of Egypt against Pharaoh king of Egypt and his whole land, 11:4 or what he did to the army of Egypt, including their horses and chariots, when he made the waters of the Red Sea 8 overwhelm them while they were pursuing you and he 9 annihilated them. 10 11:5 They did not see 11 what he did to you in the desert before you reached this place, 11:6 or what he did to Dathan and Abiram, 12 sons of Eliab the Reubenite, 13 when the earth opened its mouth in the middle of the Israelite camp 14 and swallowed them, their families, 15 their tents, and all the property they brought with them. 16 11:7 I am speaking to you 17 because you are the ones who saw all the great deeds of the Lord!
11:8 Now pay attention to all the commandments 18 I am giving 19 you today, so that you may be strong enough to enter and possess the land where you are headed, 20 11:9 and that you may enjoy long life in the land the Lord promised to give to your ancestors 21 and their descendants, a land flowing with milk and honey. 11:10 For the land where you are headed 22 is not like the land of Egypt from which you came, a land where you planted seed and which you irrigated by hand 23 like a vegetable garden. 11:11 Instead, the land you are crossing the Jordan to occupy 24 is one of hills and valleys, a land that drinks in water from the rains, 25 11:12 a land the Lord your God looks after. 26 He is constantly attentive to it 27 from the beginning to the end of the year. 28 11:13 Now, if you pay close attention 29 to my commandments that I am giving you today and love 30 the Lord your God and serve him with all your mind and being, 31 11:14 then he promises, 32 “I will send rain for your land 33 in its season, the autumn and the spring rains, 34 so that you may gather in your grain, new wine, and olive oil. 11:15 I will provide pasture 35 for your livestock and you will eat your fill.”
[11:1] 1 tn This collocation of technical terms for elements of the covenant text lends support to its importance and also signals a new section of paraenesis in which Moses will exhort Israel to covenant obedience. The Hebrew term מִשְׁמָרוֹת (mishmarot, “obligations”) sums up the three terms that follow – חֻקֹּת (khuqot), מִשְׁפָּטִים (mishppatim), and מִצְוֹת (mitsot).
[11:2] 2 tn Heb “that not.” The words “I am speaking” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[11:2] 3 tn Heb “who have not known and who have not seen the discipline of the Lord.” The collocation of the verbs “know” and “see” indicates that personal experience (knowing by seeing) is in view. The term translated “discipline” (KJV, ASV “chastisement”) may also be rendered “instruction,” but vv. 2b-6 indicate that the referent of the term is the various acts of divine judgment the Israelites had witnessed.
[11:2] 4 tn The words “which revealed” have been supplied in the translation to show the logical relationship between the terms that follow and the divine judgments. In the Hebrew text the former are in apposition to the latter.
[11:2] 5 tn Heb “his strong hand and his stretched-out arm.”
[11:3] 6 tn In the Hebrew text vv. 2-7 are one long sentence. For stylistic reasons the English translation divides the passage into three sentences. To facilitate this stylistic decision the words “They did not see” are supplied at the beginning of both v. 3 and v. 5, and “I am speaking” at the beginning of v. 7.
[11:3] 7 tn Heb “his signs and his deeds which he did” (NRSV similar). The collocation of “signs” and “deeds” indicates that these acts were intended to make an impression on observers and reveal something about God’s power (cf. v. 2b). The word “awesome” has been employed to bring out the force of the word “signs” in this context.
[11:4] 8 tn Heb “Reed Sea.” “Reed Sea” (or “Sea of Reeds”) is a more accurate rendering of the Hebrew expression יָם סוּף (yam suf), traditionally translated “Red Sea.” See note on the term “Red Sea” in Exod 13:18.
[11:4] 9 tn Heb “the
[11:4] 10 tn Heb “and the Lord destroyed them to this day” (cf. NRSV); NLT “he has kept them devastated to this very day.” The translation uses the verb “annihilated” to indicate the permanency of the action.
[11:5] 11 tn See note on these same words in v. 3.
[11:6] 12 sn Dathan and Abiram. These two (along with others) had challenged Moses’ leadership in the desert with the result that the earth beneath them opened up and they and their families disappeared (Num 16:1-3, 31-35).
[11:6] 13 tn Or “the descendant of Reuben”; Heb “son of Reuben.”
[11:6] 14 tn Heb “in the midst of all Israel” (so KJV, ASV, NRSV); NASB “among all Israel.” In the Hebrew text these words appear at the end of the verse, but they are logically connected with the verbs. To make this clear the translation places the phrase after the first verb.
[11:6] 15 tn Heb “their houses,” referring to all who lived in their household. Cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “households.”
[11:6] 16 tn Heb “and all the substance which was at their feet.”
[11:7] 17 tn On the addition of these words in the translation see note on “They did not see” in v. 3.
[11:8] 18 tn Heb “the commandment.” The singular מִצְוָה (mitsvah, “commandment”) speaks here as elsewhere of the whole corpus of covenant stipulations in Deuteronomy (cf. 6:1, 25; 7:11; 8:1).
[11:8] 19 tn Heb “commanding” (so NASB, NRSV). For stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy, “giving” has been used in the translation (likewise in vv. 13, 27).
[11:8] 20 tn Heb “which you are crossing over there to possess it.”
[11:9] 21 tn Heb “fathers” (also in v. 21).
[11:10] 22 tn Heb “you are going there to possess it”; NASB “into which you are about to cross to possess it”; NRSV “that you are crossing over to occupy.”
[11:10] 23 tn Heb “with your foot” (so NASB, NLT). There is a two-fold significance to this phrase. First, Egypt had no rain so water supply depended on human efforts at irrigation. Second, the Nile was the source of irrigation waters but those waters sometimes had to be pumped into fields and gardens by foot-power, perhaps the kind of machinery (Arabic shaduf) still used by Egyptian farmers (see C. Aldred, The Egyptians, 181). Nevertheless, the translation uses “by hand,” since that expression is the more common English idiom for an activity performed by manual labor.
[11:11] 24 tn Heb “which you are crossing over there to possess it.”
[11:11] 25 tn Heb “rain of heaven.”
[11:12] 26 tn Heb “seeks.” The statement reflects the ancient belief that God (Baal in Canaanite thinking) directly controlled storms and rainfall.
[11:12] 27 tn Heb “the eyes of the
[11:12] 28 sn From the beginning to the end of the year. This refers to the agricultural year that was marked by the onset of the heavy rains, thus the autumn. See note on the phrase “the former and the latter rains” in v. 14.
[11:13] 29 tn Heb “if hearing, you will hear.” The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute to emphasize the verbal idea. The translation renders this emphasis with the word “close.”
[11:13] 30 tn Again, the Hebrew term אָהַב (’ahav) draws attention to the reciprocation of divine love as a condition or sign of covenant loyalty (cf. Deut 6:5).
[11:13] 31 tn Heb “heart and soul” or “heart and being.” See note on the word “being” in Deut 6:5.
[11:14] 32 tn The words “he promises” do not appear in the Hebrew text but are needed in the translation to facilitate the transition from the condition (v. 13) to the promise and make it clear that the Lord is speaking the words of vv. 14-15.
[11:14] 33 tn Heb “the rain of your land.” In this case the genitive (modifying term) indicates the recipient of the rain.
[11:14] 34 sn The autumn and the spring rains. The “former” (יוֹרֶה, yoreh) and “latter” (מַלְקוֹשׁ, malqosh) rains come in abundance respectively in September/October and March/April. Planting of most crops takes place before the former rains fall and the harvests follow the latter rains.
