Ephesians 2:2

2:2 in which ¹  you formerly lived ²  according to this world’s present path, ³  according to the ruler of the kingdom ⁴  of the air, the ruler of ⁵  the spirit ⁶  that is now energizing ⁷  the sons of disobedience, ⁸ 

Job 2:2

2:2 And the Lord said to Satan, “Where do you come from?” Satan answered the Lord, ⁹  “From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.” ¹⁰ 

Luke 22:53

22:53 Day after day when I was with you in the temple courts, ¹¹  you did not arrest me. ¹²  But this is your hour, ¹³  and that of the power ¹⁴  of darkness!”

John 12:31

12:31 Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world ¹⁵  will be driven out. ¹⁶ 

John 14:30

14:30 I will not speak with you much longer, ¹⁷  for the ruler of this world is coming. ¹⁸  He has no power over me, ¹⁹ 

John 16:11

16:11 and concerning judgment, ²⁰  because ²¹  the ruler of this world ²²  has been condemned. ²³ 

Acts 26:18

26:18 to open their eyes so that they turn ²⁴  from darkness to light and from the power ²⁵  of Satan to God, so that they may receive forgiveness of sins and a share ²⁶  among those who are sanctified by faith in me.’

Acts 26:2

26:2 “Regarding all the things I have been accused of by the Jews, King Agrippa, ²⁷  I consider myself fortunate that I am about to make my defense before you today,

Colossians 4:4

4:4 Pray that I may make it known as I should. ²⁸ 

Colossians 1:13

1:13 He delivered us from the power of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of the Son he loves, ²⁹ 

[2:2]  ¹ sn The relative pronoun which is feminine as is sins, indicating that sins is the antecedent.

[2:2]  ² tn Grk “walked.”

[2:2]  ³ tn Or possibly “Aeon.”

[2:2]  ⁴ tn Grk “domain, [place of] authority.”

[2:2]  ⁵ tn Grk “of” (but see the note on the word “spirit” later in this verse).

[2:2]  ⁶ sn The ruler of the kingdom of the air is also the ruler of the spirit that is now energizing the sons of disobedience. Although several translations regard the ruler to be the same as the spirit, this is unlikely since the cases in Greek are different (ruler is accusative and spirit is genitive). To get around this, some have suggested that the genitive for spirit is a genitive of apposition. However, the semantics of the genitive of apposition are against such an interpretation (cf. ExSyn 100).

[2:2]  ⁷ tn Grk “working in.”

[2:2]  ⁸ sn Sons of disobedience is a Semitic idiom that means “people characterized by disobedience.” However, it also contains a subtle allusion to vv. 4-10: Some of those sons of disobedience have become sons of God.

[2:2]  ⁹ tn Heb “answered the Lord and said” (also in v. 4). The words “and said” here and in v. 9 have not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[2:2]  ¹⁰ tn See the note on this phrase in 1:7.

[22:53]  ¹¹ tn Grk “in the temple.”

[22:53]  ¹² tn Grk “lay hands on me.”

[22:53]  ¹³ tn Or “your time.”

[22:53]  ¹⁴ tn Or “authority,” “domain.”

[12:31]  ¹⁵ sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.

[12:31]  ¹⁶ tn Or “will be thrown out.” This translation regards the future passive ἐκβληθήσεται (ekblhqhsetai) as referring to an event future to the time of speaking.

[14:30]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “I will no longer speak many things with you.”

[14:30]  ¹⁸ sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.

[14:30]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “in me he has nothing.”

[16:11]  ²⁰ sn The world is proven wrong concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged. Jesus’ righteousness before the Father, as proven by his return to the Father, his glorification, constitutes a judgment against Satan. This is parallel to the judgment of the world which Jesus provokes in 3:19-21: Jesus’ presence in the world as the Light of the world provokes the judgment of those in the world, because as they respond to the light (either coming to Jesus or rejecting him) so are they judged. That judgment is in a sense already realized. So it is here, where the judgment of Satan is already realized in Jesus’ glorification. This does not mean that Satan does not continue to be active in the world, and to exercise some power over it, just as in 3:19-21 the people in the world who have rejected Jesus and thus incurred judgment continue on in their opposition to Jesus for a time. In both cases the judgment is not immediately executed. But it is certain.

[16:11]  ²¹ tn Or “that.”

[16:11]  ²² sn The ruler of this world is a reference to Satan.

[16:11]  ²³ tn Or “judged.”

[26:18]  ²⁴ sn To open their eyes so that they turn… Here is Luke’s most comprehensive report of Paul’s divine calling. His role was to call humanity to change their position before God and experience God’s forgiveness as a part of God’s family. The image of turning is a key one in the NT: Luke 1:79; Rom 2:19; 13:12; 2 Cor 4:6; 6:14; Eph 5:8; Col 1:12; 1 Thess 5:5. See also Luke 1:77-79; 3:3; 24:47.

[26:18]  ²⁵ tn BDAG 352-53 s.v. ἐξουσία 2 states, “Also of Satan’s power Ac 26:18.” It is also possible to translate this “the domain of Satan” (cf. BDAG 353 s.v. 6)

[26:18]  ²⁶ tn Or “and an inheritance.”

[26:2]  ²⁷ sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[4:4]  ²⁸ tn The phrase begins with the ἵνα (Jina) clause and is subordinate to the imperative προσκαρτερεῖτε (proskartereite) in v. 2. The reference to the idea that Paul must make it known indicates that this clause is probably best viewed as purpose and not content, like the ἵνα of v. 3. It is the second purpose stated in the context; the first is expressed through the infinitive λαλῆσαι (lalhsai) in v. 3. The term “pray” at the beginning of the sentence is intended to pick up the imperative of v. 3.

[1:13]  ²⁹ tn Here αὐτοῦ (autou) has been translated as a subjective genitive (“he loves”).