Ephesians 4:32

4:32 Instead, ¹  be kind to one another, compassionate, forgiving one another, just as God in Christ also forgave you. ² 

Ephesians 4:19

4:19 Because they are callous, they have given themselves over to indecency for the practice of every kind of impurity with greediness. ³ 

Ephesians 5:3

5:3 But ⁴  among you there must not be either sexual immorality, impurity of any kind, ⁵  or greed, as these are not fitting for the saints. ⁶ 

Ephesians 1:5

1:5 He did this by predestining ⁷  us to adoption as his ⁸  sons ⁹  through Jesus Christ, according to the pleasure ¹⁰  of his will –

Ephesians 4:31

4:31 You must put away every kind of bitterness, anger, wrath, quarreling, and evil, slanderous talk.

Ephesians 1:8-9

1:8 that he lavished on us in all wisdom and insight. 1:9 He did this when he revealed ¹¹  to us the secret ¹²  of his will, according to his good pleasure that he set forth ¹³  in Christ, ¹⁴ 

[4:32]  ¹ tc ‡ Although most witnesses have either δέ (de; Ì⁴⁹ א A D² Ψ 33 1739^mg Ï lat) or οὖν (oun; D* F G 1175) here, a few important mss lack a conjunction (Ì⁴⁶ B 0278 6 1739* 1881). If either conjunction were originally in the text, it is difficult to explain how the asyndetic construction could have arisen (although the dropping of δέ could have occurred via homoioteleuton). Further, although Hellenistic Greek rarely joined sentences without a conjunction, such does occur in the corpus Paulinum on occasion, especially to underscore a somber point. “Instead” has been supplied in the translation because of stylistic requirements, not textual basis. NA²⁷ places δέ in brackets, indicating some doubt as to its authenticity.

[4:32]  ² tn Or “forgiving.”

[4:19]  ³ sn Greediness refers to an increasing desire for more and more. The point is that sinful passions and desires are never satisfied.

[5:3]  ⁵ tn The term “But” translates the δέ (de) in a contrastive way in light of the perfect obedience of Jesus in vv. 1-2 and the vices mentioned in v. 3.

[5:3]  ⁶ tn Grk “all impurity.”

[5:3]  ⁷ tn Grk “just as is fitting for saints.” The καθώς (kaqws) was rendered with “as” and the sense is causal, i.e., “for” or “because.” The negative particle “not” (“for these are not proper for the saints”) in this clause was supplied in English so as to make the sense very clear, i.e., that these vices are not befitting of those who name the name of Christ.

[1:5]  ⁷ tn Grk “by predestining.” Verse 5 begins with an aorist participle dependent on the main verb in v. 4 (“chose”).

[1:5]  ⁸ tn Grk “to himself” after “through Jesus Christ.”

[1:5]  ⁹ tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (Juioqesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB, ESV), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as…sons.”

[1:5]  ¹⁰ tn Or “good pleasure.”

[1:9]  ⁹ tn Or “He did this by revealing”; Grk “making known, revealing.” Verse 9 begins with a participle dependent on “lavished” in v. 8; the adverbial participle could be understood as temporal (“when he revealed”), which would be contemporaneous to the action of the finite verb “lavished,” or as means (“by revealing”). The participle has been translated here with the temporal nuance to allow for means to also be a possible interpretation. If the translation focused instead upon means, the temporal nuance would be lost as the time frame for the action of the participle would become indistinct.

[1:9]  ¹⁰ tn Or “mystery.” In the NT μυστήριον (musthrion) refers to a divine secret previously undisclosed.

[1:9]  ¹¹ tn Or “purposed,” “publicly displayed.” Cf. Rom 3:25.

[1:9]  ¹² tn Grk “in him”; the referent (Christ) has been specified in the translation for the sake of clarity.