Discovery BoxExodus 10:13
Context10:13 So Moses extended his staff over the land of Egypt, and then the Lord 1 brought 2 an east wind on the land all that day and all night. 3 The morning came, 4 and the east wind had brought up 5 the locusts!
Exodus 10:19
Context10:19 and the Lord turned a very strong west wind, 6 and it picked up the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. 7 Not one locust remained in all the territory of Egypt.
Exodus 14:21
Context14:21 Moses stretched out his hand toward the sea, and the Lord drove the sea apart 8 by a strong east wind all that night, and he made the sea into dry land, and the water was divided.
Exodus 15:10
Context15:10 But 9 you blew with your breath, and 10 the sea covered them.
They sank 11 like lead in the mighty waters.
Numbers 11:31
Context11:31 Now a wind 12 went out 13 from the Lord and brought quail 14 from the sea, and let them fall 15 near the camp, about a day’s journey on this side, and about a day’s journey on the other side, all around the camp, and about three feet 16 high on the surface of the ground.
Psalms 107:24-31
Context107:24 They witnessed the acts of the Lord,
his amazing feats on the deep water.
107:25 He gave the order for a windstorm, 17
and it stirred up the waves of the sea. 18
107:26 They 19 reached up to the sky,
then dropped into the depths.
The sailors’ strength 20 left them 21 because the danger was so great. 22
107:27 They swayed 23 and staggered like a drunk,
and all their skill proved ineffective. 24
107:28 They cried out to the Lord in their distress;
he delivered them from their troubles.
107:29 He calmed the storm, 25
and the waves 26 grew silent.
107:30 The sailors 27 rejoiced because the waves 28 grew quiet,
and he led them to the harbor 29 they desired.
107:31 Let them give thanks to the Lord for his loyal love,
and for the amazing things he has done for people! 30
Psalms 135:7
Context135:7 He causes the clouds to arise from the end of the earth,
makes lightning bolts accompany the rain,
and brings the wind out of his storehouses.
Amos 4:13
Context4:13 For here he is!
He 31 formed the mountains and created the wind.
He reveals 32 his plans 33 to men.
He turns the dawn into darkness 34
and marches on the heights of the earth.
The Lord, the God who commands armies, 35 is his name!”
Matthew 8:24-27
Context8:24 And a great storm developed on the sea so that the waves began to swamp the boat. But he was asleep. 8:25 So they came 36 and woke him up saying, “Lord, save us! We are about to die!” 8:26 But 37 he said to them, “Why are you cowardly, you people of little faith?” Then he got up and rebuked 38 the winds and the sea, 39 and it was dead calm. 8:27 And the men 40 were amazed and said, 41 “What sort of person is this? Even the winds and the sea obey him!” 42
Acts 27:13-20
Context27:13 When a gentle south wind sprang up, they thought 43 they could carry out 44 their purpose, so they weighed anchor 45 and sailed close along the coast 46 of Crete. 27:14 Not long after this, a hurricane-force 47 wind called the northeaster 48 blew down from the island. 49 27:15 When the ship was caught in it 50 and could not head into 51 the wind, we gave way to it and were driven 52 along. 27:16 As we ran under the lee of 53 a small island called Cauda, 54 we were able with difficulty to get the ship’s boat 55 under control. 27:17 After the crew 56 had hoisted it aboard, 57 they used supports 58 to undergird the ship. Fearing they would run aground 59 on the Syrtis, 60 they lowered the sea anchor, 61 thus letting themselves be driven along. 27:18 The next day, because we were violently battered by the storm, 62 they began throwing the cargo overboard, 63 27:19 and on the third day they threw the ship’s gear 64 overboard with their own hands. 27:20 When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and a violent 65 storm continued to batter us, 66 we finally abandoned all hope of being saved. 67
[10:13] 1 tn The clause begins וַיהוָה (va’adonay [vayhvah], “Now Yahweh….”). In contrast to a normal sequence, this beginning focuses attention on Yahweh as the subject of the verb.
[10:13] 2 tn The verb נָהַג (nahag) means “drive, conduct.” It is elsewhere used for driving sheep, leading armies, or leading in processions.
[10:13] 3 tn Heb “and all the night.”
[10:13] 4 tn The text does not here use ordinary circumstantial clause constructions; rather, Heb “the morning was, and the east wind carried the locusts.” It clearly means “when it was morning,” but the style chosen gives a more abrupt beginning to the plague, as if the reader is in the experience – and at morning, the locusts are there!
[10:13] 5 tn The verb here is a past perfect, indicting that the locusts had arrived before the day came.
[10:19] 6 tn Or perhaps “sea wind,” i.e., a wind off the Mediterranean.
[10:19] 7 tn The Hebrew name here is יַם־סוּף (Yam Suf), sometimes rendered “Reed Sea” or “Sea of Reeds.” The word סוּף is a collective noun that may have derived from an Egyptian name for papyrus reeds. Many English versions have used “Red Sea,” which translates the name that ancient Greeks used: ejruqrav qalavssa (eruqra qalassa).
[14:21] 8 tn Or “drove the sea back” (NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV). The verb is simply the Hiphil of הָלַךְ (halakh, “to walk, go”). The context requires that it be interpreted along the lines of “go back, go apart.”
[15:10] 9 tn “But” has been supplied here.
[15:10] 10 tn Here “and” has been supplied.
[15:10] 11 tn The verb may have the idea of sinking with a gurgling sound, like water going into a whirlpool (R. A. Cole, Exodus [TOTC], 124; S. R. Driver, Exodus, 136). See F. M. Cross and D. N. Freedman, “The Song of Miriam,” JNES 14 (1955): 243-47.
[11:31] 12 sn The irony in this chapter is expressed in part by the use of the word רוּחַ (ruakh). In the last episode it clearly meant the Spirit of the
[11:31] 13 tn The verb means “burst forth” or “sprang up.” See the ways it is used in Gen 33:12, Judg 16:3, 14; Isa 33:20.
[11:31] 14 sn The “quail” ordinarily cross the Sinai at various times of the year, but what is described here is not the natural phenomenon. Biblical scholars looking for natural explanations usually note that these birds fly at a low height and can be swatted down easily. But the description here is more of a supernatural supply and provision. See J. Gray, “The Desert Sojourn of the Hebrews and the Sinai Horeb Tradition,” VT 4 (1954): 148-54.
[11:31] 15 tn Or “left them fluttering.”
[11:31] 16 tn Heb “two cubits.” The standard cubit in the OT is assumed by most authorities to be about eighteen inches (45 cm) in length.
[107:25] 17 tn Heb “he spoke and caused to stand a stormy wind.”
[107:25] 18 tn Heb “and it stirred up its [i.e., the sea’s, see v. 23] waves.”
[107:26] 19 tn That is, the waves (see v. 25).
[107:26] 20 tn Heb “their being”; traditionally “their soul” (referring to that of the sailors). This is sometimes translated “courage” (cf. NIV, NRSV).
[107:26] 22 tn Heb “from danger.”
[107:27] 23 tn Only here does the Hebrew verb חָגַג (khagag; normally meaning “to celebrate”) carry the nuance “to sway.”
[107:27] 24 tn The Hitpael of בָלַע (vala’) occurs only here in the OT. Traditionally the form is derived from the verbal root בלע (“to swallow”), but HALOT 135 s.v. III בלע understands a homonym here with the meaning “to be confused.”
[107:29] 25 tn Heb “he raised [the] storm to calm.”
[107:29] 26 tn Heb “their waves.” The antecedent of the third masculine plural pronominal suffix is not readily apparent, unless it refers back to “waters” in v. 23.
[107:30] 27 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the sailors) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[107:30] 28 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the waves) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[107:30] 29 tn The Hebrew noun occurs only here in the OT.
[107:31] 30 tn Heb “and [for] his amazing deeds for the sons of man.” See v. 8.
[4:13] 31 tn Heb “For look, the one who.” This verse is considered to be the first hymnic passage in the book. The others appear at 5:8-9 and 9:5-6. Scholars debate whether these verses were originally part of a single hymn or three distinct pieces deliberately placed in each context for particular effect.
[4:13] 32 tn Or “declares” (NAB, NASB).
[4:13] 33 tn Or “his thoughts.” The translation assumes that the pronominal suffix refers to God and that divine self-revelation is in view (see 3:7). If the suffix refers to the following term אָדַם (’adam, “men”), then the expression refers to God’s ability to read men’s minds.
[4:13] 34 tn Heb “he who makes dawn, darkness.” The meaning of the statement is unclear. The present translation assumes that allusion is made to God’s approaching judgment, when the light of day will be turned to darkness (see 5:20). Other options include: (1) “He makes the dawn [and] the darkness.” A few Hebrew
[4:13] 35 tn Traditionally, “God of hosts.”
[8:25] 36 tn The participle προσελθόντες (proselqonte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[8:26] 37 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[8:26] 38 tn Or “commanded” (often with the implication of a threat, L&N 33.331).
[8:26] 39 sn Who has authority over the seas and winds is discussed in the OT: Ps 104:3; 135:7; 107:23-30. When Jesus rebuked the winds and the sea he was making a statement about who he was.
[8:27] 40 tn It is difficult to know whether ἄνθρωποι (anqrwpoi) should be translated as “men” or “people” (in a generic sense) here. At issue is whether (1) only the Twelve were with Jesus in the boat, as opposed to other disciples (cf. v. 23), and (2) whether any of those other disciples would have been women. The issue is complicated further by the parallel in Mark (4:35-41), where the author writes (4:36) that other boats accompanied them on this journey.
[8:27] 41 tn Grk “the men were amazed, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) has been translated as a finite verb to make the sequence of events clear in English.
[8:27] 42 sn Jesus’ authority over creation raised a question for the disciples about his identity (What sort of person is this?). This verse shows that the disciples followed Jesus even though they did not know all about him yet.
[27:13] 43 tn Grk “thinking.” The participle δόξαντες (doxante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
[27:13] 44 tn Or “accomplish.” L&N 68.29, for κρατέω, has “to be able to complete or finish, presumably despite difficulties – ‘to accomplish, to do successfully, to carry out.’ …‘thinking that they could carry out their purpose’ Ac 27:13.”
[27:13] 46 tn L&N 54.8, “παραλέγομαι: (a technical, nautical term) to sail along beside some object – ‘to sail along the coast, to sail along the shore.’…‘they sailed along the coast of Crete’ Ac 27:13.” With the addition of the adverb ἆσσον (asson) this becomes “sailed close along the coast of Crete.”
[27:14] 47 tn Grk “a wind like a typhoon.” That is, a very violent wind like a typhoon or hurricane (BDAG 1021 s.v. τυφωνικός).
[27:14] 48 sn Or called Euraquilo (the actual name of the wind, a sailor’s term which was a combination of Greek and Latin). According to Strabo (Geography 1.2.21), this was a violent northern wind.
[27:14] 49 tn Grk “from it”; the referent (the island) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:15] 50 tn Or “was forced off course.” Grk “The ship being caught in it.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle συναρπασθέντος (sunarpasqento") has been taken temporally; it could also be translated as causal (“Because the ship was caught in it”).
[27:15] 51 tn BDAG 91 s.v. ἀντοφθαλμέω states, “Metaph. of a ship τοῦ πλοίου μὴ δυναμένοι ἀ. τῷ ἀνέμῳ since the ship was not able to face the wind, i.e. with its bow headed against the forces of the waves Ac 27:15.”
[27:15] 52 sn Caught in the violent wind, the ship was driven along. They were now out of control, at the mercy of the wind and sea.
[27:16] 53 tn BDAG 1042 s.v. ὑποτρέχω states, “run or sail under the lee of, nautical t.t.…Ac 27:16.” The participle ὑποδραμόντες (Jupodramonte") has been taken temporally (“as we ran under the lee of”). While this could also be translated as a participle of means (“by running…”) this might suggest the ship was still under a greater degree of control by its crew than it probably was.
[27:16] 54 sn Cauda. This island was located south of Crete, about 23 mi (36 km) from where they began. There are various ways to spell the island’s name (e.g., Clauda, BDAG 546 s.v. Κλαῦδα).
[27:16] 55 sn The ship’s boat was a small rowboat, normally towed behind a ship in good weather rather than stowed on board. It was used for landings, to maneuver the ship for tacking, and to lay anchors (not a lifeboat in the modern sense, although it could have served as a means of escape for some of the sailors; see v. 30). See L. Casson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, 248f.
[27:17] 56 tn Grk “After hoisting it up, they…”; the referent (the ship’s crew) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[27:17] 57 tn The participle ἄραντες (arantes) has been taken temporally.
[27:17] 58 tn Possibly “ropes” or “cables”; Grk “helps” (a word of uncertain meaning; probably a nautical technical term, BDAG 180 s.v. βοήθεια 2).
[27:17] 59 tn BDAG 308 s.v. ἐκπίπτω 2 states, “drift off course, run aground, nautical term εἴς τι on someth….on the Syrtis 27:17.”
[27:17] 60 tn That is, on the sandbars and shallows of the Syrtis.
[27:17] 61 tn Or perhaps “mainsail.” The meaning of this word is uncertain. BDAG 927 s.v. σκεῦος 1 has “τὸ σκεῦος Ac 27:17 seems to be the kedge or driving anchor” while C. Maurer (TDNT 7:362) notes, “The meaning in Ac. 27:17: χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος, is uncertain. Prob. the ref. is not so much to taking down the sails as to throwing the draganchor overboard to lessen the speed of the ship.” In spite of this L&N 6.1 states, “In Ac 27:17, for example, the reference of σκεῦος is generally understood to be the mainsail.” A reference to the sail is highly unlikely because in a storm of the force described in Ac 27:14, the sail would have been taken down and reefed immediately, to prevent its being ripped to shreds or torn away by the gale.
[27:18] 62 tn BDAG 980 s.v. σφόδρῶς states, “very much, greatly, violently…σφ. χειμάζεσθαι be violently beaten by a storm Ac 27:18.”
[27:18] 63 tn Or “jettisoning [the cargo]” (a nautical technical term). The words “the cargo” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
[27:19] 64 tn Or “rigging,” “tackle”; Grk “the ship’s things.” Here the more abstract “gear” is preferred to “rigging” or “tackle” as a translation for σκεῦος (skeuos) because in v. 40 the sailors are still able to raise the (fore)sail, which they could not have done if the ship’s rigging or tackle had been jettisoned here.
[27:20] 65 tn Grk “no small storm” = a very great storm.
[27:20] 66 tn Grk “no small storm pressing on us.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle ἐπικειμένου (epikeimenou) has been translated as parallel to the previous genitive absolute construction (which was translated as temporal). BDAG 373 s.v. ἐπίκειμαι 2.b states, “of impersonal force confront χειμῶνος ἐπικειμένου since a storm lay upon us Ac 27:20.” L&N 14.2, “‘the stormy weather did not abate in the least’ or ‘the violent storm continued’ Ac 27:20.” To this last was added the idea of “battering” from the notion of “pressing upon” inherent in ἐπίκειμαι (epikeimai).
[27:20] 67 tn Grk “finally all hope that we would be saved was abandoned.” The passive construction has been converted to an active one to simplify the translation. This represents a clearly secular use of the term σῴζω (swzw) in that it refers to deliverance from the storm. At this point those on board the ship gave up hope of survival.
