Exodus 14:25

14:25 He jammed ¹  the wheels of their chariots so that they had difficulty driving, ²  and the Egyptians said, “Let’s flee ³  from Israel, for the Lord fights ⁴  for them against Egypt!”

Numbers 31:8-9

31:8 They killed the kings of Midian in addition to those slain – Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba – five Midianite kings. ⁵  They also killed Balaam son of Beor with the sword. ⁶ 

31:9 The Israelites took the women of Midian captives along with their little ones, and took all their herds, all their flocks, and all their goods as plunder.

Numbers 31:54

31:54 So Moses and Eleazar the priest received the gold from the commanders of thousands and commanders ⁷  of hundreds and brought it into the tent of meeting as a memorial ⁸  for the Israelites before the Lord.

Joshua 10:16

10:16 The five Amorite kings ⁹  ran away and hid in the cave at Makkedah.

Joshua 10:42

10:42 Joshua captured in one campaign ¹⁰  all these kings and their lands, for the Lord God of Israel fought for Israel.

Joshua 12:7-24

12:7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes, ¹¹  12:8 including the hill country, the lowlands, ¹²  the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev – the land of ¹³  the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:

12:9 the king of Jericho ¹⁴  (one),

the king of Ai – located near Bethel – (one),

12:10 the king of Jerusalem ¹⁵  (one),

the king of Hebron (one),

12:11 the king of Jarmuth (one),

the king of Lachish (one),

12:12 the king of Eglon (one),

the king of Gezer (one),

12:13 the king of Debir (one),

the king of Geder (one),

12:14 the king of Hormah (one),

the king of Arad (one),

12:15 the king of Libnah (one),

the king of Adullam (one),

12:16 the king of Makkedah (one),

the king of Bethel ¹⁶  (one),

12:17 the king of Tappuah (one),

the king of Hepher (one),

12:18 the king of Aphek (one),

the king of Lasharon (one),

12:19 the king of Madon (one),

the king of Hazor ¹⁷  (one),

12:20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),

the king of Acshaph (one),

12:21 the king of Taanach (one),

the king of Megiddo ¹⁸  (one),

12:22 the king of Kedesh (one),

the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),

12:23 the king of Dor – near Naphath Dor – (one),

the king of Goyim – near Gilgal – (one),

12:24 the king of Tirzah (one),

a total of thirty-one kings.

Jude 1:19

1:19 These people are divisive, ¹⁹  worldly, ²⁰  devoid of the Spirit. ²¹ 

Revelation 6:15

6:15 Then ²²  the kings of the earth, the ²³  very important people, the generals, ²⁴  the rich, the powerful, and everyone, slave ²⁵  and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains.

Revelation 19:17-20

19:17 Then ²⁶  I saw one angel standing in ²⁷  the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: ²⁸ 

“Come, gather around for the great banquet ²⁹  of God,

19:18 to eat ³⁰  your fill ³¹  of the flesh of kings,

the flesh of generals, ³² 

the flesh of powerful people,

the flesh of horses and those who ride them,

and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, ³³ 

and small and great!”

19:19 Then ³⁴  I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now ³⁵  the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf ³⁶  – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. ³⁷ 

[14:25]  ¹ tn The word in the text is וַיָּסַר (vayyasar), which would be translated “and he turned aside” with the sense perhaps of removing the wheels. The reading in the LXX, Smr, and Syriac suggests a root אָסַר (’asar, “to bind”). The sense here might be “clogged – presumably by their sinking in the wet sand” (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 120).

[14:25]  ² tn The clause is וַיְנַהֲגֵהוּ בִּכְבֵדֻת (vaynahagehu bikhvedut). The verb means “to drive a chariot”; here in the Piel it means “cause to drive.” The suffix is collective, and so the verbal form can be translated “and caused them to drive.” The idea of the next word is “heaviness” or “hardship”; it recalls the previous uses of related words to describe Pharaoh’s heart. Here it indicates that the driving of the crippled chariots was with difficulty.

[14:25]  ³ tn The cohortative has the hortatory use here, “Let’s flee.” Although the form is singular, the sense of it is plural and so hortatory can be used. The form is singular to agree with the singular subject, “Egypt,” which obviously means the Egyptian army. The word for “flee” is used when someone runs from fear of immanent danger and is a different word than the one used in 14:5.

[14:25]  ⁴ tn The form is the Niphal participle; it is used as the predicate here, that is, the verbal use: “the Lord is fighting.” This corresponds to the announcement in v. 14.

[31:8]  ⁵ sn Here again we see that there was no unified empire, but Midianite tribal groups.

[31:8]  ⁶ sn And what was Balaam doing among the Midianites? The implication is strong. This pagan diviner had to submit to the revealed will of God in the oracles, but he nonetheless could be hired. He had been a part of the attempt to destroy Israel that failed; he then apparently became part of the plan, if not the adviser, to destroy them with sexual immorality and pagan ritual.

[31:54]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew text does not repeat the word “commanders” here, but it is implied.

[31:54]  ⁸ tn The purpose of the offering was to remind the Lord to remember Israel. But it would also be an encouragement for Israel as they remembered the great victory.

[10:16]  ⁹ tn Heb “these five kings.”

[10:42]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “at one time.”

[12:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”

[12:8]  ¹² tn Or “the foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”

[12:8]  ¹³ tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[12:9]  ¹⁴ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[12:10]  ¹⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[12:16]  ¹⁶ map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[12:19]  ¹⁷ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[12:21]  ¹⁸ map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.

[1:19]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “these are the ones who cause divisions.”

[1:19]  ²⁰ tn Or “natural,” that is, living on the level of instincts, not on a spiritual level (the same word occurs in 1 Cor 2:14 as a description of nonbelievers).

[1:19]  ²¹ tn Grk “not having [the] Spirit.”

[6:15]  ²² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

[6:15]  ²³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated; nor is it translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

[6:15]  ²⁴ tn Grk “chiliarchs.” A chiliarch was normally a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

[6:15]  ²⁵ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[19:17]  ²⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:17]  ²⁷ tn The precise significance of ἐν (en) here is difficult to determine.

[19:17]  ²⁸ tn On μεσουρανήματι (mesouranhmati) here see L&N 1.10: “high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.” The birds mentioned here are carrion birds like vultures, circling high overhead, and now being summoned to feast on the corpses.

[19:17]  ²⁹ tn This is the same Greek word (δεῖπνον, deipnon) used in 19:9.

[19:18]  ³⁰ tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.

[19:18]  ³¹ tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.

[19:18]  ³² tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

[19:18]  ³³ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

[19:19]  ³⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

[19:20]  ³⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.

[19:20]  ³⁶ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

[19:20]  ³⁷ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”