Exodus 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ¹  by ²  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ³  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ⁴ 

Exodus 8:13

8:13 The Lord did as Moses asked ⁵  – the ⁶  frogs died out of the houses, the villages, and the fields.

Exodus 9:3

9:3 then the hand of the Lord will surely bring ⁷  a very terrible plague ⁸  on your livestock in the field, on the horses, the donkeys, the camels, ⁹  the herds, and the flocks.

Exodus 9:21

9:21 but those ¹⁰  who did not take ¹¹  the word of the Lord seriously left their servants and their cattle ¹²  in the field.

Exodus 22:6

22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads ¹³  to thorn bushes, ¹⁴  so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started ¹⁵  the fire must surely make restitution.

Exodus 22:31

22:31 “You will be holy ¹⁶  people to me; you must not eat any meat torn by animals in the field. ¹⁷  You must throw it to the dogs.

Exodus 23:11

23:11 But in the seventh year ¹⁸  you must let it lie fallow and leave it alone so that the poor of your people may eat, and what they leave any animal in the field ¹⁹  may eat; you must do likewise with your vineyard and your olive grove.

Exodus 23:29

23:29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals ²⁰  multiply against you.

[1:14]  ¹ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

[1:14]  ² tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

[1:14]  ³ tn Heb “and in all service.”

[1:14]  ⁴ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

[8:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “according to the word of Moses” (so KJV, NASB). Just as Moses had told Pharaoh “according to your word” (v. 10), now the Lord does “according to the word” of Moses.

[8:13]  ⁶ tn Heb “and the frogs died.”

[9:3]  ⁹ tn The form used here is הוֹיָה (hoyah), the Qal active participle, feminine singular, from the verb “to be.” This is the only place in the OT that this form occurs. Ogden shows that this form is appropriate with the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) to stress impending divine action, and that it conforms to the pattern in these narratives where five times the participle is used in the threat to Pharaoh (7:17; 8:2; 9:3, 14; 10:4). See G. S. Ogden, “Notes on the Use of הויה in Exodus IX. 3,” VT 17 (1967): 483-84.

[9:3]  ¹⁰ tn The word דֶּבֶר (dever) is usually translated “pestilence” when it applies to diseases for humans. It is used only here and in Ps 78:50 for animals.

[9:3]  ¹¹ sn The older view that camels were not domesticated at this time (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 70; W. F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, 96; et. al.) has been corrected by more recently uncovered information (see K. A. Kitchen, NBD³ 160-61).

[9:21]  ¹³ tn The Hebrew text again has the singular.

[9:21]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “put to his heart.”

[9:21]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “his servants and his cattle.”

[22:6]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”

[22:6]  ¹⁸ sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

[22:6]  ¹⁹ tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.

[22:31]  ²¹ sn The use of this word here has to do with the laws of the sanctuary and not some advanced view of holiness. The ritual holiness at the sanctuary would prohibit eating anything torn to pieces.

[22:31]  ²² tn Or “by wild animals.”

[23:11]  ²⁵ tn Heb “and the seventh year”; an adverbial accusative with a disjunctive vav (ו).

[23:11]  ²⁶ tn Heb “living thing/creature/beast of the field.” A general term for animals, usually wild animals, including predators (cf. v. 29; Gen 2:19-20; Lev 26:22; Deut 7:22; 1 Sam 17:46; Job 5:22-23; Ezek 29:5; 34:5).

[23:29]  ²⁹ tn Heb “the beast of the field.”