Exodus 13:15

13:15 When Pharaoh stubbornly refused ¹  to release us, the Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of people to the firstborn of animals. ²  That is why I am sacrificing ³  to the Lord the first male offspring of every womb, but all my firstborn sons I redeem.’

Exodus 18:22

18:22 They will judge ⁴  the people under normal circumstances, ⁵  and every difficult case ⁶  they will bring to you, but every small case ⁷  they themselves will judge, so that ⁸  you may make it easier for yourself, ⁹  and they will bear the burden ¹⁰  with you.

Exodus 35:21-22

35:21 Everyone ¹¹  whose heart stirred him to action ¹²  and everyone whose spirit was willing ¹³  came and brought the offering for the Lord for the work of the tent of meeting, for all its service, and for the holy garments. ¹⁴  35:22 They came, men and women alike, ¹⁵  all who had willing hearts. They brought brooches, earrings, rings and ornaments, all kinds of gold jewelry, ¹⁶  and everyone came who waved ¹⁷  a wave offering of gold to the Lord.

Exodus 35:24

35:24 Everyone making an offering of silver or bronze brought it as ¹⁸  an offering to the Lord, and everyone who had acacia wood ¹⁹  for any work of the service brought it. ²⁰ 

Exodus 36:1

36:1 So Bezalel and Oholiab and every skilled person ²¹  in whom the Lord has put skill ²²  and ability ²³  to know how ²⁴  to do all the work for the service ²⁵  of the sanctuary are to do the work ²⁶  according to all that the Lord has commanded.”

[13:15]  ¹ tn Heb “dealt hardly in letting us go” or “made it hard to let us go” (see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 110). The verb is the simple Hiphil perfect הִקְשָׁה (hiqshah, “he made hard”); the infinitive construct לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ (lÿshallÿkhenu, “to release us”) could be taken epexegetically, meaning “he made releasing us hard.” But the infinitive more likely gives the purpose or the result after the verb “hardened himself.” The verb is figurative for “be stubborn” or “stubbornly refuse.”

[13:15]  ² tn The text uses “man” and “beast.”

[13:15]  ³ tn The form is the active participle.

[18:22]  ⁴ tn The form is the perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive, making it equivalent to the imperfect of instruction in the preceding verse.

[18:22]  ⁵ tn Heb “in every time,” meaning “in all normal cases” or “under normal circumstances.” The same phrase occurs in v. 26.

[18:22]  ⁶ tn Heb “great thing.”

[18:22]  ⁷ tn Heb “thing.”

[18:22]  ⁸ tn The vav here shows the result or the purpose of the instructions given.

[18:22]  ⁹ tn The expression וְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיךָ (vÿhaqel me’aleykha) means literally “and make it light off yourself.” The word plays against the word for “heavy” used earlier – since it was a heavy or burdensome task, Moses must lighten the load.

[18:22]  ¹⁰ tn Here “the burden” has been supplied.

[35:21]  ⁷ tn Heb “man.”

[35:21]  ⁸ tn The verb means “lift up, bear, carry.” Here the subject is “heart” or will, and so the expression describes one moved within to act.

[35:21]  ⁹ tn Heb “his spirit made him willing.” The verb is used in Scripture for the freewill offering that people brought (Lev 7).

[35:21]  ¹⁰ tn Literally “the garments of holiness,” the genitive is the attributive genitive, marking out what type of garments these were.

[35:22]  ¹⁰ tn The expression in Hebrew is “men on/after the women,” meaning men with women, to ensure that it was clear that the preceding verse did not mean only men. B. Jacob takes it further, saying that the men came after the women because the latter had taken the initiative (Exodus, 1017).

[35:22]  ¹¹ tn Heb “all gold utensils.”

[35:22]  ¹² tn The verb could be translated “offered,” but it is cognate with the following noun that is the wave offering. This sentence underscores the freewill nature of the offerings people made. The word “came” is supplied from v. 21 and v. 22.

[35:24]  ¹³ tn This translation takes “offering” as an adverbial accusative explaining the form or purpose of their bringing things. It could also be rendered as the direct object, but that would seem to repeat without much difference what had just been said.

[35:24]  ¹⁴ sn U. Cassuto notes that the expression “with whom was found” does not rule out the idea that these folks went out and cut down acacia trees (Exodus, 458). It is unlikely that they had much wood in their tents.

[35:24]  ¹⁵ tn Here “it” has been supplied.

[36:1]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “wise of [in] heart.”

[36:1]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “wisdom.”

[36:1]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “understanding, discernment.”

[36:1]  ¹⁹ tn The relative clause includes this infinitive clause that expresses either the purpose or the result of God’s giving wisdom and understanding to these folk.

[36:1]  ²⁰ tn This noun is usually given an interpretive translation. B. Jacob renders the bound relationship as “the holy task” or “the sacred task” (Exodus, 1019). The NIV makes it “constructing,” so read “the work of constructing the sanctuary.”

[36:1]  ²¹ tn The first word of the verse is a perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; it is singular because it agrees with the first of the compound subject. The sentence is a little cumbersome because of the extended relative clause in the middle.