Exodus 15:10

15:10 But ¹  you blew with your breath, and ²  the sea covered them.

They sank ³  like lead in the mighty waters.

Exodus 15:8

15:8 By the blast of your nostrils ⁴  the waters were piled up,

the flowing water stood upright like a heap, ⁵ 

and the deep waters were solidified in the heart of the sea.

Exodus 31:3

31:3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God ⁶  in skill, ⁷  in understanding, in knowledge, and in all kinds ⁸  of craftsmanship,

Exodus 35:31

35:31 He has filled him with the Spirit of God – with skill, with understanding, with knowledge, and in all kinds of work,

Exodus 10:13

10:13 So Moses extended his staff over the land of Egypt, and then the Lord ⁹  brought ¹⁰  an east wind on the land all that day and all night. ¹¹  The morning came, ¹²  and the east wind had brought up ¹³  the locusts!

Exodus 6:9

6:9 ¹⁴ Moses told this ¹⁵  to the Israelites, but they did not listen to him ¹⁶  because of their discouragement ¹⁷  and hard labor.

Exodus 28:3

28:3 You ¹⁸  are to speak to all who are specially skilled, ¹⁹  whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom, ²⁰  so that they may make ²¹  Aaron’s garments to set him apart ²²  to minister as my priest.

Exodus 10:19

10:19 and the Lord turned a very strong west wind, ²³  and it picked up the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. ²⁴  Not one locust remained in all the territory of Egypt.

Exodus 14:21

14:21 Moses stretched out his hand toward the sea, and the Lord drove the sea apart ²⁵  by a strong east wind all that night, and he made the sea into dry land, and the water was divided.

Exodus 35:21

35:21 Everyone ²⁶  whose heart stirred him to action ²⁷  and everyone whose spirit was willing ²⁸  came and brought the offering for the Lord for the work of the tent of meeting, for all its service, and for the holy garments. ²⁹ 

[15:10]  ¹ tn “But” has been supplied here.

[15:10]  ² tn Here “and” has been supplied.

[15:10]  ³ tn The verb may have the idea of sinking with a gurgling sound, like water going into a whirlpool (R. A. Cole, Exodus [TOTC], 124; S. R. Driver, Exodus, 136). See F. M. Cross and D. N. Freedman, “The Song of Miriam,” JNES 14 (1955): 243-47.

[15:8]  ⁴ sn The phrase “the blast of your nostrils” is a bold anthropomorphic expression for the wind that came in and dried up the water.

[15:8]  ⁵ tn The word “heap” describes the walls of water. The waters, which are naturally fluid, stood up as though they were a heap, a mound of earth. Likewise, the flowing waters deep in the ocean solidified – as though they were turned to ice (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 175).

[31:3]  ⁷ sn The expression in the Bible means that the individual was given special, supernatural enablement to do what God wanted done. It usually is said of someone with exceptional power or ability. The image of “filling” usually means under the control of the Spirit, so that the Spirit is the dominant force in the life.

[31:3]  ⁸ sn The following qualities are the ways in which the Spirit’s enablement will be displayed. “Skill” is the ability to produce something valuable to God and the community, “understanding” is the ability to distinguish between things, to perceive the best way to follow, and “knowledge” is the experiential awareness of how things are done.

[31:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “and in all work”; “all” means “all kinds of” here.

[10:13]  ¹⁰ tn The clause begins וַיהוָה (va’adonay [vayhvah], “Now Yahweh….”). In contrast to a normal sequence, this beginning focuses attention on Yahweh as the subject of the verb.

[10:13]  ¹¹ tn The verb נָהַג (nahag) means “drive, conduct.” It is elsewhere used for driving sheep, leading armies, or leading in processions.

[10:13]  ¹² tn Heb “and all the night.”

[10:13]  ¹³ tn The text does not here use ordinary circumstantial clause constructions; rather, Heb “the morning was, and the east wind carried the locusts.” It clearly means “when it was morning,” but the style chosen gives a more abrupt beginning to the plague, as if the reader is in the experience – and at morning, the locusts are there!

[10:13]  ¹⁴ tn The verb here is a past perfect, indicting that the locusts had arrived before the day came.

[6:9]  ¹³ sn The final part of this section focuses on instructions for Moses. The commission from God is the same – he is to speak to Pharaoh and he is to lead Israel out. It should have been clear to him that God would do this, for he had just been reminded how God was going to lead out, deliver, redeem, take the people as his people, and give them land. It was God’s work of love from beginning to end. Moses simply had his task to perform.

[6:9]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and Moses spoke thus.”

[6:9]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “to Moses.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[6:9]  ¹⁶ tn The Hebrew מִקֹּצֶּר רוּחַ (miqqotser ruakh) means “because of the shortness of spirit.” This means that they were discouraged, dispirited, and weary – although some have also suggested it might mean impatient. The Israelites were now just not in the frame of mind to listen to Moses.

[28:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “And you, you will speak to.”

[28:3]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “wise of heart.” The word for “wise” (חַכְמֵי, khakhme, the plural construct form) is from the word group that is usually translated “wisdom, wise, be wise,” but it has as its basic meaning “skill” or “skillful.” This is the way it is used in 31:3, 6 and 35:10 etc. God gave these people “wisdom” so that they would know how to make these things. The “heart” for the Hebrews is the locus of understanding, the mind and the will. To be “wise of heart” or “wise in heart” means that they had the understanding to do skillful work, they were talented artisans and artists.

[28:3]  ¹⁸ sn There is no necessity to take this as a reference to the Holy Spirit who produces wisdom in these people, although that is not totally impossible. A number of English versions (e.g., NAB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT) do not even translate the word “spirit.” It probably refers to their attitude and ability. U. Cassuto has “to all the artisans skilled in the making of stately robes, in the heart [i.e., mind] of each of whom I have implanted sagacity in his craft so that he may do his craft successfully” (Exodus, 371).

[28:3]  ¹⁹ tn The form is the perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive; after the instruction to speak to the wise, this verb, equal to an imperfect, will have the force of purpose.

[28:3]  ²⁰ tn Or “to sanctify him” (ASV) or “to consecrate him” (KJV, NASB, NRSV). It is the garments that will set Aaron apart, or sanctify him, not the workers. The expression could be taken to mean “for his consecration” (NIV) since the investiture is part of his being set apart for service.

[10:19]  ¹⁹ tn Or perhaps “sea wind,” i.e., a wind off the Mediterranean.

[10:19]  ²⁰ tn The Hebrew name here is יַם־סוּף (Yam Suf), sometimes rendered “Reed Sea” or “Sea of Reeds.” The word סוּף is a collective noun that may have derived from an Egyptian name for papyrus reeds. Many English versions have used “Red Sea,” which translates the name that ancient Greeks used: ejruqrav qalavssa (eruqra qalassa).

[14:21]  ²² tn Or “drove the sea back” (NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV). The verb is simply the Hiphil of הָלַךְ (halakh, “to walk, go”). The context requires that it be interpreted along the lines of “go back, go apart.”

[35:21]  ²⁵ tn Heb “man.”

[35:21]  ²⁶ tn The verb means “lift up, bear, carry.” Here the subject is “heart” or will, and so the expression describes one moved within to act.

[35:21]  ²⁷ tn Heb “his spirit made him willing.” The verb is used in Scripture for the freewill offering that people brought (Lev 7).

[35:21]  ²⁸ tn Literally “the garments of holiness,” the genitive is the attributive genitive, marking out what type of garments these were.