Exodus 16:21

16:21 So they gathered it each morning, ¹  each person according to what he could eat, and when the sun got hot, it would melt. ² 

Exodus 22:26

22:26 If you do take ³  the garment of your neighbor in pledge, you must return it to him by the time the sun goes down, ⁴ 

Exodus 22:3

22:3 If the sun has risen on him, then there is blood guilt for him. A thief ⁵  must surely make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he will be sold for his theft.

Exodus 17:12

17:12 When ⁶  the hands of Moses became heavy, ⁷  they took a stone and put it under him, and Aaron and Hur held up his hands, one on one side and one on the other, ⁸  and so his hands were steady ⁹  until the sun went down.

[16:21]  ¹ tn Heb “morning by morning.” This is an example of the repetition of words to express the distributive sense; here the meaning is “every morning” (see GKC 388 §121.c).

[16:21]  ² tn The perfect tenses here with vav (ו) consecutives have the frequentative sense; they function in a protasis-apodosis relationship (GKC 494 §159.g).

[22:26]  ³ tn The construction again uses the infinitive absolute with the verb in the conditional clause to stress the condition.

[22:26]  ⁴ tn The clause uses the preposition, the infinitive construct, and the noun that is the subjective genitive – “at the going in of the sun.”

[22:3]  ⁵ tn The words “a thief” have been added for clarification. S. R. Driver (Exodus, 224) thinks that these lines are out of order, since some of them deal with killing the thief and then others with the thief making restitution, but rearranging the clauses is not a necessary way to bring clarity to the paragraph. The idea here would be that any thief caught alive would pay restitution.

[17:12]  ⁷ tn Literally “now the hands of Moses,” the disjunctive vav (ו) introduces a circumstantial clause here – of time.

[17:12]  ⁸ tn The term used here is the adjective כְּבֵדִים (kÿvedim). It means “heavy,” but in this context the idea is more that of being tired. This is the important word that was used in the plague stories: when the heart of Pharaoh was hard, then the Israelites did not gain their freedom or victory. Likewise here, when the staff was lowered because Moses’ hands were “heavy,” Israel started to lose.

[17:12]  ⁹ tn Heb “from this, one, and from this, one.”

[17:12]  ¹⁰ tn The word “steady” is אֱמוּנָה (’emuna) from the root אָמַן (’aman). The word usually means “faithfulness.” Here is a good illustration of the basic idea of the word – firm, steady, reliable, dependable. There may be a double entendre here; on the one hand it simply says that his hands were stayed so that Israel might win, but on the other hand it is portraying Moses as steady, firm, reliable, faithful. The point is that whatever God commissioned as the means or agency of power – to Moses a staff, to the Christians the Spirit – the people of God had to know that the victory came from God alone.