Exodus 21:21

21:21 However, if the injured servant ¹  survives one or two days, the owner ²  will not be punished, for he has suffered the loss. ³ 

Deuteronomy 10:19

10:19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

Deuteronomy 24:14-18

24:14 You must not oppress a lowly and poor servant, whether one from among your fellow Israelites ⁴  or from the resident foreigners who are living in your land and villages. ⁵  24:15 You must pay his wage that very day before the sun sets, for he is poor and his life depends on it. Otherwise he will cry out to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin.

24:16 Fathers must not be put to death for what their children ⁶  do, nor children for what their fathers do; each must be put to death for his own sin.

24:17 You must not pervert justice due a resident foreigner or an orphan, or take a widow’s garment as security for a loan. 24:18 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and that the Lord your God redeemed you from there; therefore I am commanding you to do all this.

Deuteronomy 27:19

27:19 ‘Cursed is the one who perverts justice for the resident foreigner, the orphan, and the widow.’ Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’

Psalms 94:6

94:6 They kill the widow and the one residing outside his native land,

and they murder the fatherless. ⁷ 

Ezekiel 22:7

22:7 They have treated father and mother with contempt ⁸  within you; they have oppressed the foreigner among you; they have wronged the orphan and the widow ⁹  within you.

[21:21]  ¹ tn Heb “if he”; the referent (the servant struck and injured in the previous verse) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:21]  ² tn Heb “he”; the referent (the owner of the injured servant) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[21:21]  ³ tn This last clause is a free paraphrase of the Hebrew, “for he is his money” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “his property.” It seems that if the slave survives a couple of days, it is probable that the master was punishing him and not intending to kill him. If he then dies, there is no penalty other than that the owner loses the slave who is his property – he suffers the loss.

[24:14]  ⁴ tn Heb “your brothers,” but not limited only to actual siblings; cf. NASB “your (+ own NAB) countrymen.”

[24:14]  ⁵ tn Heb “who are in your land in your gates.” The word “living” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[24:16]  ⁶ tn Heb “sons” (so NASB; twice in this verse). Many English versions, including the KJV, read “children” here.

[94:6]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew noun יָתוֹם (yatom) refers to one who has lost his father (not necessarily his mother, see Ps 109:9). Because they were so vulnerable and were frequently exploited, fatherless children are often mentioned as epitomizing the oppressed (see Pss 10:14; 68:5; 82:3; 146:9; as well as Job 6:27; 22:9; 24:3, 9; 29:12; 31:17, 21).

[22:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “treated lightly, cursed.”

[22:7]  ⁹ tn Widows and orphans are often coupled together in the OT (Deut 14:29; 16:11, 14; 24:19-21; 26:12-13; Jer 7:6; 22:3). They represented all who were poor and vulnerable to economic exploitation.