Exodus 22:3-4

22:3 If the sun has risen on him, then there is blood guilt for him. A thief ¹  must surely make full restitution; if he has nothing, then he will be sold for his theft. 22:4 If the stolen item should in fact be found ²  alive in his possession, ³  whether it be an ox or a donkey or a sheep, he must pay back double. ⁴ 

Exodus 22:6-7

22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads ⁵  to thorn bushes, ⁶  so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started ⁷  the fire must surely make restitution.

22:7 “If a man gives his neighbor money or articles ⁸  for safekeeping, ⁹  and it is stolen from the man’s house, if the thief is caught, ¹⁰  he must repay double.

Exodus 22:11

22:11 then there will be an oath to the Lord ¹¹  between the two of them, that he has not laid his hand on his neighbor’s goods, and its owner will accept this, and he will not have to pay.

Exodus 22:14

22:14 “If a man borrows an animal ¹²  from his neighbor, and it is hurt or dies when its owner was not with it, the man who borrowed it ¹³  will surely pay.

[22:3]  ¹ tn The words “a thief” have been added for clarification. S. R. Driver (Exodus, 224) thinks that these lines are out of order, since some of them deal with killing the thief and then others with the thief making restitution, but rearranging the clauses is not a necessary way to bring clarity to the paragraph. The idea here would be that any thief caught alive would pay restitution.

[22:4]  ² tn The construction uses a Niphal infinitive absolute and a Niphal imperfect: if it should indeed be found. Gesenius says that in such conditional clauses the infinitive absolute has less emphasis, but instead emphasizes the condition on which some consequence depends (see GKC 342-43 §113.o).

[22:4]  ³ tn Heb “in his hand.”

[22:4]  ⁴ sn He must pay back one for what he took, and then one for the penalty – his loss as he was inflicting a loss on someone else.

[22:6]  ³ tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”

[22:6]  ⁴ sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

[22:6]  ⁵ tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.

[22:7]  ⁴ tn The word usually means “vessels” but can have the sense of household goods and articles. It could be anything from jewels and ornaments to weapons or pottery.

[22:7]  ⁵ tn Heb “to keep.” Here “safekeeping,” that is, to keep something secure on behalf of a third party, is intended.

[22:7]  ⁶ tn Heb “found.”

[22:11]  ⁵ tn The construct relationship שְׁבֻעַת יְהוָה (shÿvu’at yÿhvah, “the oath of Yahweh”) would require a genitive of indirect object, “an oath [to] Yahweh.” U. Cassuto suggests that it means “an oath by Yahweh” (Exodus, 287). The person to whom the animal was entrusted would take a solemn oath to Yahweh that he did not appropriate the animal for himself, and then his word would be accepted.

[22:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “if a man asks [an animal] from his neighbor” (see also Exod 12:36). The ruling here implies an animal is borrowed, and if harm comes to it when the owner is not with it, the borrower is liable. The word “animal” is supplied in the translation for clarity.

[22:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man who borrowed the animal) has been specified in the translation for clarity.