Exodus 23:16

23:16 “You are also to observe ¹  the Feast of Harvest, the firstfruits of your labors that you have sown in the field, and the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year ²  when you have gathered in ³  your harvest ⁴  out of the field.

Exodus 9:25

9:25 The hail struck everything in the open fields, both ⁵  people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows ⁶  in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.

Exodus 22:5

22:5 “If a man grazes ⁷  his livestock ⁸  in a field or a vineyard, and he lets the livestock loose and they graze in the field of another man, he must make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.

Exodus 16:25

16:25 Moses said, “Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to the Lord; today you will not find it in the area. ⁹ 

Exodus 9:19

9:19 So now, send instructions ¹⁰  to gather ¹¹  your livestock and all your possessions in the fields to a safe place. Every person ¹²  or animal caught ¹³  in the field and not brought into the house – the hail will come down on them, and they will die!”’”

Exodus 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ¹⁴  by ¹⁵  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ¹⁶  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ¹⁷ 

Exodus 8:13

8:13 The Lord did as Moses asked ¹⁸  – the ¹⁹  frogs died out of the houses, the villages, and the fields.

Exodus 9:3

9:3 then the hand of the Lord will surely bring ²⁰  a very terrible plague ²¹  on your livestock in the field, on the horses, the donkeys, the camels, ²²  the herds, and the flocks.

Exodus 9:21

9:21 but those ²³  who did not take ²⁴  the word of the Lord seriously left their servants and their cattle ²⁵  in the field.

Exodus 22:6

22:6 “If a fire breaks out and spreads ²⁶  to thorn bushes, ²⁷  so that stacked grain or standing grain or the whole field is consumed, the one who started ²⁸  the fire must surely make restitution.

Exodus 22:31

22:31 “You will be holy ²⁹  people to me; you must not eat any meat torn by animals in the field. ³⁰  You must throw it to the dogs.

Exodus 23:11

23:11 But in the seventh year ³¹  you must let it lie fallow and leave it alone so that the poor of your people may eat, and what they leave any animal in the field ³²  may eat; you must do likewise with your vineyard and your olive grove.

Exodus 23:29

23:29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals ³³  multiply against you.

Exodus 9:22

9:22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand toward the sky ³⁴  that there may be ³⁵  hail in all the land of Egypt, on people and on animals, ³⁶  and on everything that grows ³⁷  in the field in the land of Egypt.”

Exodus 10:5

10:5 They will cover ³⁸  the surface ³⁹  of the earth, so that you ⁴⁰  will be unable to see the ground. They will eat the remainder of what escaped ⁴¹  – what is left over ⁴²  for you – from the hail, and they will eat every tree that grows for you from the field.

Exodus 10:15

10:15 They covered ⁴³  the surface ⁴⁴  of all the ground, so that the ground became dark with them, ⁴⁵  and they ate all the vegetation of the ground and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green remained on the trees or on anything that grew in the fields throughout the whole land of Egypt.

[23:16]  ¹ tn The words “you are also to observe” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[23:16]  ² tn An infinitive construct with a preposition and a pronominal suffix is used to make a temporal clause: “in the going in of the year.” The word “year” is the subjective genitive, the subject of the clause.

[23:16]  ³ tn An infinitive construct with a preposition and a pronominal suffix is used to make a temporal clause: “in the ingathering of you.”

[23:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “gathered in your labors.” This is a metonymy of cause put for the effect. “Labors” are not gathered in, but what the labors produced – the harvest.

[9:25]  ⁵ tn The exact expression is “from man even to beast.” R. J. Williams lists this as an example of the inclusive use of the preposition מִן (min) to be rendered “both…and” (Hebrew Syntax, 57, §327).

[9:25]  ⁶ tn Heb “all the cultivated grain of.”

[22:5]  ⁹ tn The verb בָּעַר (ba’ar, “graze”) as a denominative from the word “livestock” is not well attested. So some have suggested that with slight changes this verse could be read: “If a man cause a field or a vineyard to be burnt, and let the burning spread, and it burnt in another man’s field” (see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 225).

[22:5]  ¹⁰ tn The phrase “his livestock” is supplied from the next clause.

[16:25]  ¹³ tn Heb “in the field” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NCV, NRSV); NAB, NIV, NLT “on the ground.”

[9:19]  ¹⁷ tn The object “instructions” is implied in the context.

[9:19]  ¹⁸ tn הָעֵז (ha’ez) is the Hiphil imperative from עוּז (’uz, “to bring into safety” or “to secure”). Although there is no vav (ו) linking the two imperatives, the second could be subordinated by virtue of the meanings. “Send to bring to safety.”

[9:19]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “man, human.”

[9:19]  ²⁰ tn Heb “[who] may be found.” The verb can be the imperfect of possibility.

[1:14]  ²¹ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

[1:14]  ²² tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

[1:14]  ²³ tn Heb “and in all service.”

[1:14]  ²⁴ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

[8:13]  ²⁵ tn Heb “according to the word of Moses” (so KJV, NASB). Just as Moses had told Pharaoh “according to your word” (v. 10), now the Lord does “according to the word” of Moses.

[8:13]  ²⁶ tn Heb “and the frogs died.”

[9:3]  ²⁹ tn The form used here is הוֹיָה (hoyah), the Qal active participle, feminine singular, from the verb “to be.” This is the only place in the OT that this form occurs. Ogden shows that this form is appropriate with the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) to stress impending divine action, and that it conforms to the pattern in these narratives where five times the participle is used in the threat to Pharaoh (7:17; 8:2; 9:3, 14; 10:4). See G. S. Ogden, “Notes on the Use of הויה in Exodus IX. 3,” VT 17 (1967): 483-84.

[9:3]  ³⁰ tn The word דֶּבֶר (dever) is usually translated “pestilence” when it applies to diseases for humans. It is used only here and in Ps 78:50 for animals.

[9:3]  ³¹ sn The older view that camels were not domesticated at this time (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 70; W. F. Albright, Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, 96; et. al.) has been corrected by more recently uncovered information (see K. A. Kitchen, NBD³ 160-61).

[9:21]  ³³ tn The Hebrew text again has the singular.

[9:21]  ³⁴ tn Heb “put to his heart.”

[9:21]  ³⁵ tn Heb “his servants and his cattle.”

[22:6]  ³⁷ tn Heb “if a fire goes out and finds”; NLT “if a fire gets out of control.”

[22:6]  ³⁸ sn Thorn bushes were used for hedges between fields, but thorn bushes also burned easily, making the fire spread rapidly.

[22:6]  ³⁹ tn This is a Hiphil participle of the verb “to burn, kindle” used substantivally. This is the one who caused the fire, whether by accident or not.

[22:31]  ⁴¹ sn The use of this word here has to do with the laws of the sanctuary and not some advanced view of holiness. The ritual holiness at the sanctuary would prohibit eating anything torn to pieces.

[22:31]  ⁴² tn Or “by wild animals.”

[23:11]  ⁴⁵ tn Heb “and the seventh year”; an adverbial accusative with a disjunctive vav (ו).

[23:11]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “living thing/creature/beast of the field.” A general term for animals, usually wild animals, including predators (cf. v. 29; Gen 2:19-20; Lev 26:22; Deut 7:22; 1 Sam 17:46; Job 5:22-23; Ezek 29:5; 34:5).

[23:29]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “the beast of the field.”

[9:22]  ⁵³ tn Or “the heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

[9:22]  ⁵⁴ tn The jussive with the conjunction (וִיהִי, vihi) coming after the imperative provides the purpose or result.

[9:22]  ⁵⁵ tn Heb “on man and on beast.”

[9:22]  ⁵⁶ tn The noun refers primarily to cultivated grains. But here it seems to be the general heading for anything that grows from the ground, all vegetation and plant life, as opposed to what grows on trees.

[10:5]  ⁵⁷ tn The verbs describing the locusts are singular because it is a swarm or plague of locusts. This verb (וְכִסָּה, vÿkhissah, “cover”) is a Piel perfect with a vav consecutive; it carries the same future nuance as the participle before it.

[10:5]  ⁵⁸ tn Heb “eye,” an unusual expression (see v. 15; Num 22:5, 11).

[10:5]  ⁵⁹ tn The text has לִרְאֹת וְלֹא יוּכַל (vÿlo’ yukhal lir’ot, “and he will not be able to see”). The verb has no expressed subjects. The clause might, therefore, be given a passive translation: “so that [it] cannot be seen.” The whole clause is the result of the previous statement.

[10:5]  ⁶⁰ sn As the next phrase explains “what escaped” refers to what the previous plague did not destroy. The locusts will devour everything, because there will not be much left from the other plagues for them to eat.

[10:5]  ⁶¹ tn הַנִּשְׁאֶרֶת (hannish’eret) parallels (by apposition) and adds further emphasis to the preceding two words; it is the Niphal participle, meaning “that which is left over.”

[10:15]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “and they covered.”

[10:15]  ⁶² tn Heb “eye,” an unusual expression (see v. 5; Num 22:5, 11).

[10:15]  ⁶³ tn The verb is וַתֶּחְשַׁךְ (vattekhshakh, “and it became dark”). The idea is that the ground had the color of the swarms of locusts that covered it.