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Exodus 23:9-11

Context

23:9 “You must not oppress 1  a foreigner, since you know the life 2  of a foreigner, for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.

Sabbaths and Feasts

23:10 3 “For six years 4  you are to sow your land and gather in its produce. 23:11 But in the seventh year 5  you must let it lie fallow and leave it alone so that the poor of your people may eat, and what they leave any animal in the field 6  may eat; you must do likewise with your vineyard and your olive grove.

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[23:9]  1 tn The verb means “to crush.” S. R. Driver notes that in this context this would probably mean with an unfair judgment in the courts (Exodus, 239).

[23:9]  2 tn Heb “soul, life” – “you know what it feels like.”

[23:10]  3 sn This section concerns religious duties of the people of God as they worship by giving thanks to God for their blessings. The principles here are: God requires his people to allow the poor to share in their bounty (10-11); God requires his people to provide times of rest and refreshment for those who labor for them (12); God requires allegiance to himself (13); God requires his people to come before him in gratitude and share their bounty (14-17); God requires that his people safeguard proper worship forms (18-19).

[23:10]  4 tn Heb “and six years”; this is an adverbial accusative telling how long they can work their land. The following references to years and days in vv. 10-12 function similarly.

[23:11]  5 tn Heb “and the seventh year”; an adverbial accusative with a disjunctive vav (ו).

[23:11]  6 tn Heb “living thing/creature/beast of the field.” A general term for animals, usually wild animals, including predators (cf. v. 29; Gen 2:19-20; Lev 26:22; Deut 7:22; 1 Sam 17:46; Job 5:22-23; Ezek 29:5; 34:5).



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