Exodus 4:28

4:28 Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord who had ¹  sent him and all the signs that he had commanded him.

Exodus 12:25

12:25 When you enter the land that the Lord will give to you, just as he said, you must observe ²  this ceremony.

Exodus 16:5

16:5 On the sixth day ³  they will prepare what they bring in, and it will be twice as much as they gather every other day.” ⁴ 

Exodus 16:16

16:16 “This is what ⁵  the Lord has commanded: ⁶  ‘Each person is to gather ⁷  from it what he can eat, an omer ⁸  per person ⁹  according to the number ¹⁰  of your people; ¹¹  each one will pick it up ¹²  for whoever lives ¹³  in his tent.’”

Exodus 18:9-10

18:9 Jethro rejoiced ¹⁴  because of all the good that the Lord had done for Israel, whom he had delivered from the hand of Egypt. 18:10 Jethro said, “Blessed ¹⁵  be the Lord who has delivered you from the hand of Egypt, and from the hand of Pharaoh, who has delivered the people from the Egyptians’ control! ¹⁶ 

[4:28]  ¹ tn This verb and the last one in the verse are rendered with the past perfect nuance because they refer to what the Lord had done prior to Moses’ telling Aaron.

[12:25]  ² tn The verb used here and at the beginning of v. 24 is שָׁמַר (shamar); it can be translated “watch, keep, protect,” but in this context the point is to “observe” the religious customs and practices set forth in these instructions.

[16:5]  ³ tn Heb “and it will be on the sixth day.”

[16:5]  ⁴ sn There is a question here concerning the legislation – the people were not told why to gather twice as much on the sixth day. In other words, this instruction seems to presume that they knew about the Sabbath law. That law will be included in this chapter in a number of ways, suggesting to some scholars that this chapter is out of chronological order, placed here for a purpose. Some argue that the manna episode comes after the revelation at Sinai. But it is not necessary to take such a view. God had established the Sabbath in the creation, and if Moses has been expounding the Genesis traditions in his teachings then they would have known about that.

[16:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “the thing that.”

[16:16]  ⁵ tn The perfect tense could be taken as a definite past with Moses now reporting it. In this case a very recent past. But in declaring the word from Yahweh it could be instantaneous, and receive a present tense translation – “here and now he commands you.”

[16:16]  ⁶ tn The form is the plural imperative: “Gather [you] each man according to his eating.”

[16:16]  ⁷ sn The omer is an amount mentioned only in this chapter, and its size is unknown, except by comparison with the ephah (v. 36). A number of recent English versions approximate the omer as “two quarts” (cf. NCV, CEV, NLT); TEV “two litres.”

[16:16]  ⁸ tn Heb “for a head.”

[16:16]  ⁹ tn The word “number” is an accusative that defines more precisely how much was to be gathered (see GKC 374 §118.h).

[16:16]  ¹⁰ tn Traditionally “souls.”

[16:16]  ¹¹ tn Heb “will take.”

[16:16]  ¹² tn “lives” has been supplied.

[18:9]  ⁵ tn The word חָדָה (khada) is rare, occurring only in Job 3:6 and Ps 21:6, although it is common in Aramaic. The LXX translated it “he shuddered.” U. Cassuto suggests that that rendering was based on the midrashic interpretation in b. Sanhedrin 94b, “he felt cuts in his body” – a wordplay on the verb (Exodus, 215-16).

[18:10]  ⁶ tn This is a common form of praise. The verb בָּרוּךְ (barukh) is the Qal passive participle of the verb. Here must be supplied a jussive, making this participle the predicate: “May Yahweh be blessed.” The verb essentially means “to enrich”; in praise it would mean that he would be enriched by the praises of the people.

[18:10]  ⁷ tn Heb “from under the hand of the Egyptians.”