Exodus 5:6

5:6 That same day Pharaoh commanded ¹  the slave masters and foremen ²  who were ³  over the people: ⁴ 

Exodus 5:13

5:13 The slave masters were pressuring ⁵  them, saying, “Complete ⁶  your work for each day, just like when there was straw!”

Exodus 5:15

5:15 ⁷ The Israelite foremen went and cried out to Pharaoh, “Why are you treating ⁸  your servants this way?

Exodus 9:5

9:5 The Lord set ⁹  an appointed time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this ¹⁰  in the land.”

Exodus 12:1

The Institution of the Passover

12:1 ¹¹ The Lord said ¹²  to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, ¹³ 

Exodus 13:8

13:8 You are to tell your son ¹⁴  on that day, ¹⁵  ‘It is ¹⁶  because of what ¹⁷  the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’

Exodus 17:4

17:4 Then Moses cried out to the Lord, “What will I do with ¹⁸  this people? – a little more ¹⁹  and they will stone me!” ²⁰ 

Exodus 30:31

30:31 And you are to tell the Israelites: ‘This is to be my sacred anointing oil throughout your generations.

[5:6]  ¹ tn Heb “and Pharaoh commanded on that day.”

[5:6]  ² tn The Greek has “scribes” for this word, perhaps thinking of those lesser officials as keeping records of the slaves and the bricks.

[5:6]  ³ tn The phrase “who were” is supplied for clarity.

[5:6]  ⁴ sn In vv. 6-14 the second section of the chapter describes the severe measures by the king to increase the labor by decreasing the material. The emphasis in this section must be on the harsh treatment of the people and Pharaoh’s reason for it – he accuses them of idleness because they want to go and worship. The real reason, of course, is that he wants to discredit Moses (v. 9) and keep the people as slaves.

[5:13]  ⁵ tn Or “pressed.”

[5:13]  ⁶ tn כַּלּוּ (kallu) is the Piel imperative; the verb means “to finish, complete” in the sense of filling up the quota.

[5:15]  ⁹ sn The last section of this event tells the effect of the oppression on Israel, first on the people (15-19) and then on Moses and Aaron (20-21). The immediate reaction of Israel was to cry to Pharaoh – something they would learn should be directed to God. When Pharaoh rebuffed them harshly, they turned bitterly against their leaders.

[5:15]  ¹⁰ tn The imperfect tense should be classified here with the progressive imperfect nuance, because the harsh treatment was a present reality.

[9:5]  ¹³ tn Heb “and Yahweh set.”

[9:5]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “this thing.”

[12:1]  ¹⁷ sn Chapter 12 details the culmination of the ten plagues on Egypt and the beginning of the actual deliverance from bondage. Moreover, the celebration of this festival of Passover was to become a central part of the holy calendar of Israel. The contents of this chapter have significance for NT studies as well, since the Passover was a type of the death of Jesus. The structure of this section before the crossing of the sea is as follows: the institution of the Passover (12:1-28), the night of farewell and departure (12:29-42), slaves and strangers (12:43-51), and the laws of the firstborn (13:1-16). In this immediate section there is the institution of the Passover itself (12:1-13), then the Unleavened Bread (12:14-20), and then the report of the response of the people (12:21-28).

[12:1]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and Yahweh said.”

[12:1]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “saying.”

[13:8]  ²¹ tn The form is the Hiphil perfect with the vav (ו) consecutive, carrying the sequence forward: “and you will declare to your son.”

[13:8]  ²² tn Heb “day, saying.” “Tell…saying” is redundant, so “saying” has not been included in the translation here.

[13:8]  ²³ tn “it is” has been supplied.

[13:8]  ²⁴ tn The text uses זֶה (zeh), which Gesenius classifies as the use of the pronoun to introduce a relative clause after the preposition (GKC 447 §138.h) – but he thinks the form is corrupt. B. S. Childs, however, sees no reason to posit a corruption in this form (Exodus [OTL], 184).

[17:4]  ²⁵ tn The preposition lamed (ל) is here specification, meaning “with respect to” (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 49, §273).

[17:4]  ²⁶ tn Or “they are almost ready to stone me.”

[17:4]  ²⁷ tn The perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive almost develops an independent force; this is true in sentences where it follows an expression of time, as here (see GKC 334 §112.x).