Exodus 8:2

8:2 But if you refuse to release them, then I am going to plague ¹  all your territory with frogs. ² 

Exodus 10:4

10:4 But if you refuse to release my people, I am going to bring ³  locusts ⁴  into your territory ⁵  tomorrow.

Exodus 13:7

13:7 Bread made without yeast must be eaten ⁶  for seven days; ⁷  no bread made with yeast shall be seen ⁸  among you, and you must have no yeast among you within any of your borders.

Exodus 10:14

10:14 The locusts went up over all the land of Egypt and settled down in all the territory ⁹  of Egypt. It was very severe; ¹⁰  there had been no locusts like them before, nor will there be such ever again. ¹¹ 

Exodus 10:19

10:19 and the Lord turned a very strong west wind, ¹²  and it picked up the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea. ¹³  Not one locust remained in all the territory of Egypt.

Exodus 23:31

23:31 I will set ¹⁴  your boundaries from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the River, ¹⁵  for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.

Exodus 34:24

34:24 For I will drive out ¹⁶  the nations before you and enlarge your borders; no one will covet ¹⁷  your land when you go up ¹⁸  to appear before the Lord your God three times ¹⁹  in the year.

[8:2]  ¹ tn The construction here uses the deictic particle and the participle to convey the imminent future: “I am going to plague/about to plague.” The verb נָגַף (nagaf) means “to strike, to smite,” and its related noun means “a blow, a plague, pestilence” or the like. For Yahweh to say “I am about to plague you” could just as easily mean “I am about to strike you.” That is why these “plagues” can be described as “blows” received from God.

[8:2]  ² tn Heb “plague all your border with frogs.” The expression “all your border” is figurative for all the territory of Egypt and the people and things that are within the borders (also used in Exod 10:4, 14, 19; 13:7).

[10:4]  ³ tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the active participle מֵבִיא (mevi’) is the imminent future construction: “I am about to bring” or “I am going to bring” – precisely, “here I am bringing.”

[10:4]  ⁴ tn One of the words for “locusts” in the Bible is אַרְבֶּה (’arbeh), which comes from רָבָה (ravah, “to be much, many”). It was used for locusts because of their immense numbers.

[10:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “within your border.”

[13:7]  ⁵ tn The imperfect has the nuance of instruction or injunction again, but it could also be given an obligatory nuance.

[13:7]  ⁶ tn The construction is an adverbial accusative of time, answering how long the routine should be followed (see GKC 374 §118.k).

[13:7]  ⁷ tn Or “visible to you” (B. Jacob, Exodus, 366).

[10:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “border.”

[10:14]  ⁸ tn This is an interpretive translation. The clause simply has כָּבֵד מְאֹד (kaved mÿ’od), the stative verb with the adverb – “it was very heavy.” The description prepares for the following statement about the uniqueness of this locust infestation.

[10:14]  ⁹ tn Heb “after them.”

[10:19]  ⁹ tn Or perhaps “sea wind,” i.e., a wind off the Mediterranean.

[10:19]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew name here is יַם־סוּף (Yam Suf), sometimes rendered “Reed Sea” or “Sea of Reeds.” The word סוּף is a collective noun that may have derived from an Egyptian name for papyrus reeds. Many English versions have used “Red Sea,” which translates the name that ancient Greeks used: ejruqrav qalavssa (eruqra qalassa).

[23:31]  ¹¹ tn The form is a perfect tense with vav consecutive.

[23:31]  ¹² tn In the Hebrew Bible “the River” usually refers to the Euphrates (cf. NASB, NCV, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT). There is some thought that it refers to a river Nahr el Kebir between Lebanon and Syria. See further W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:447; and G. W. Buchanan, The Consequences of the Covenant (NovTSup), 91-100.

[34:24]  ¹³ tn The verb is a Hiphil imperfect of יָרַשׁ (yarash), which means “to possess.” In the causative stem it can mean “dispossess” or “drive out.”

[34:24]  ¹⁴ sn The verb “covet” means more than desire; it means that some action will be taken to try to acquire the land that is being coveted. It is one thing to envy someone for their land; it is another to be consumed by the desire that stops at nothing to get it (it, not something like it).

[34:24]  ¹⁵ tn The construction uses the infinitive construct with a preposition and a suffixed subject to form the temporal clause.

[34:24]  ¹⁶ tn The expression “three times” is an adverbial accusative of time.