Exodus 8:4

8:4 Frogs ¹  will come up against you, your people, and all your servants.”’” ² 

Exodus 24:2

24:2 Moses alone may come ³  near the Lord, but the others ⁴  must not come near, ⁵  nor may the people go up with him.”

Exodus 19:13

19:13 No hand will touch him ⁶  – but he will surely be stoned or shot through, whether a beast or a human being; ⁷  he must not live.’ When the ram’s horn sounds a long blast they may ⁸  go up on the mountain.”

[8:4]  ¹ tn Here again is the generic use of the article, designating the class – frogs.

[8:4]  ² sn The word order of the Hebrew text is important because it shows how the plague was pointedly directed at Pharaoh: “and against you, and against your people, and against all your servants frogs will go up.”

[24:2]  ³ tn The verb is a perfect tense with a vav (ו) consecutive; it and the preceding perfect tense follow the imperative, and so have either a force of instruction, or, as taken here, are the equivalent of an imperfect tense (of permission).

[24:2]  ⁴ tn Heb “they.”

[24:2]  ⁵ tn Now the imperfect tense negated is used; here the prohibition would fit (“they will not come near”), or the obligatory (“they must not”) in which the subjects are obliged to act – or not act in this case.

[19:13]  ⁵ sn There is some ambiguity here. The clause either means that no man will touch the mountain, so that if there is someone who is to be put to death he must be stoned or shot since they could not go into the mountain region to get him, or, it may mean no one is to touch the culprit who went in to the region of the mountain.

[19:13]  ⁶ tn Heb “a man.”

[19:13]  ⁷ tn The nuance here is permissive imperfect, “they may go up.” The ram’s horn would sound the blast to announce that the revelation period was over and it was permitted then to ascend the mountain.