Exodus 8:4

8:4 Frogs ¹  will come up against you, your people, and all your servants.”’” ² 

Exodus 31:3

31:3 and I have filled him with the Spirit of God ³  in skill, ⁴  in understanding, in knowledge, and in all kinds ⁵  of craftsmanship,

Exodus 35:31

35:31 He has filled him with the Spirit of God – with skill, with understanding, with knowledge, and in all kinds of work,

Exodus 1:14

1:14 They made their lives bitter ⁶  by ⁷  hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service ⁸  in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous. ⁹ 

Exodus 8:24

8:24 The Lord did so; a ¹⁰  thick ¹¹  swarm of flies came into ¹²  Pharaoh’s house and into the houses ¹³  of his servants, and throughout the whole land of Egypt the land was ruined ¹⁴  because of the swarms of flies.

Exodus 9:11

9:11 The magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for boils were on the magicians and on all the Egyptians.

Exodus 14:4

14:4 I will harden ¹⁵  Pharaoh’s heart, and he will chase after them. I will gain honor ¹⁶  because of Pharaoh and because of all his army, and the Egyptians will know ¹⁷  that I am the Lord.” So this is what they did. ¹⁸ 

Exodus 14:17

14:17 And as for me, I am going to harden ¹⁹  the hearts of the Egyptians so that ²⁰  they will come after them, that I may be honored ²¹  because ²²  of Pharaoh and his army and his chariots and his horsemen.

Exodus 23:13

23:13 “Pay attention to do ²³  everything I have told you, and do not even mention ²⁴  the names of other gods – do not let them be heard on your lips. ²⁵ 

Exodus 12:12

12:12 I will pass through ²⁶  the land of Egypt in the same ²⁷  night, and I will attack ²⁸  all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both of humans and of animals, ²⁹  and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. ³⁰  I am the Lord.

Exodus 34:10

34:10 He said, “See, I am going to make ³¹  a covenant before all your people. I will do wonders such as have not been done ³²  in all the earth, nor in any nation. All the people among whom you live will see the work of the Lord, for it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you. ³³ 

[8:4]  ¹ tn Here again is the generic use of the article, designating the class – frogs.

[8:4]  ² sn The word order of the Hebrew text is important because it shows how the plague was pointedly directed at Pharaoh: “and against you, and against your people, and against all your servants frogs will go up.”

[31:3]  ³ sn The expression in the Bible means that the individual was given special, supernatural enablement to do what God wanted done. It usually is said of someone with exceptional power or ability. The image of “filling” usually means under the control of the Spirit, so that the Spirit is the dominant force in the life.

[31:3]  ⁴ sn The following qualities are the ways in which the Spirit’s enablement will be displayed. “Skill” is the ability to produce something valuable to God and the community, “understanding” is the ability to distinguish between things, to perceive the best way to follow, and “knowledge” is the experiential awareness of how things are done.

[31:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “and in all work”; “all” means “all kinds of” here.

[1:14]  ⁵ sn The verb מָרַר (marar) anticipates the introduction of the theme of bitterness in the instructions for the Passover.

[1:14]  ⁶ tn The preposition bet (ב) in this verse has the instrumental use: “by means of” (see GKC 380 §119.o).

[1:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “and in all service.”

[1:14]  ⁸ tn The line could be more literally translated, “All their service in which they served them [was] with rigor.” This takes the referent of בָּהֶם (bahem) to be the Egyptians. The pronoun may also resume the reference to the kinds of service and so not be needed in English: “All their service in which they served [was] with rigor.”

[8:24]  ⁷ tn Heb “and there came a….”

[8:24]  ⁸ tn Heb “heavy,” or “severe.”

[8:24]  ⁹ tn Here, and in the next phrase, the word “house” has to be taken as an adverbial accusative of termination.

[8:24]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew text has the singular here.

[8:24]  ¹¹ tc Concerning the connection of “the land was ruined” with the preceding, S. R. Driver (Exodus, 68) suggests reading with the LXX, Smr, and Peshitta; this would call for adding a conjunction before the last clause to make it read, “into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants’ houses, and into all the land of Egypt; and the land was…”

[14:4]  ⁹ tn In this place the verb חָזַק (hazaq) is used; it indicates that God would make Pharaoh’s will strong or firm.

[14:4]  ¹⁰ tn The form is וְאִכָּבְדָה (vÿ’ikkavÿda), the Niphal cohortative; coming after the perfect tenses with vav (ו) consecutives expressing the future, this cohortative indicates the purpose of the hardening and chasing. Yahweh intended to gain glory by this final and great victory over the strength of Pharaoh. There is irony in this expression since a different form of the word was used frequently to describe Pharaoh’s hard heart. So judgment will not only destroy the wicked – it will reveal the glory and majesty of the sovereignty of God.

[14:4]  ¹¹ tn This is the perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive. But it announces the fulfillment of an long standing purpose – that they might know.

[14:4]  ¹² tn Heb “and they did so.”

[14:17]  ¹¹ tn הִנְנִי (hinni) before the participle gives it the force of a futur instans participle, meaning “I am about to harden” or “I am going to harden” their heart.

[14:17]  ¹² tn The form again is the imperfect tense with vav (ו) to express the purpose or the result of the hardening. The repetition of the verb translated “come” is interesting: Moses is to divide the sea in order that the people may cross, but God will harden the Egyptians’ hearts in order that they may follow.

[14:17]  ¹³ tn For the comments on this verb see the discussion in v. 4. God would get glory by defeating Egypt.

[14:17]  ¹⁴ tn Or “I will get glory over.”

[23:13]  ¹³ tn The phrase “to do” is added; in Hebrew word order the line says, “In all that I have said to you you will watch yourselves.” The verb for paying attention is a Niphal imperfect with an imperatival force.

[23:13]  ¹⁴ tn Or “honor,” Hiphil of זָכַר (zakhar). See also Exod 20:25; Josh 23:7; Isa 26:13.

[23:13]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “mouth.”

[12:12]  ¹⁵ tn The verb וְעָבַרְתִּי (vÿ’avarti) is a Qal perfect with vav (ו) consecutive, announcing the future action of God in bringing judgment on the land. The word means “pass over, across, through.” This verb provides a contextual motive for the name “Passover.”

[12:12]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “this night.”

[12:12]  ¹⁷ tn The verb נָכָה (nakhah) means “to strike, smite, attack”; it does not always mean “to kill,” but that is obviously its outcome in this context. This is also its use in 2:12, describing how Moses killed the Egyptian and buried him in the sand.

[12:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “from man and to beast.”

[12:12]  ¹⁹ tn The phrase אֶעֱשֶׂה שְׁפָטִים (’e’eseh shÿfatim) is “I will do judgments.” The statement clearly includes what had begun in Exod 6:1. But the statement that God would judge the gods of Egypt is appropriately introduced here (see also Num 33:4) because with the judgment on Pharaoh and the deliverance from bondage, Yahweh would truly show himself to be the one true God. Thus, “I am Yahweh” is fitting here (see B. Jacob, Exodus, 312).

[34:10]  ¹⁷ tn Here again is a use of the futur instans participle; the deictic particle plus the pronoun precedes the participle, showing what is about to happen.

[34:10]  ¹⁸ tn The verb here is בָּרָא (bara’, “to create”). The choice of this verb is to stress that these wonders would be supernaturally performed, for the verb is used only with God as the subject.

[34:10]  ¹⁹ sn The idea is that God will be doing awesome things in dealing with them, i.e., to fulfill his program.