Exodus 9:11

9:11 The magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for boils were on the magicians and on all the Egyptians.

Exodus 9:18

9:18 I am going to cause very severe hail to rain down ¹  about this time tomorrow, such hail as has never occurred ²  in Egypt from the day it was founded ³  until now.

Exodus 9:24

9:24 Hail fell ⁴  and fire mingled ⁵  with the hail; the hail was so severe ⁶  that there had not been any like it ⁷  in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.

Exodus 10:23

10:23 No one ⁸  could see ⁹  another person, and no one could rise from his place for three days. But the Israelites had light in the places where they lived.

Exodus 18:19

18:19 Now listen to me, ¹⁰  I will give you advice, and may God be with you: You be a representative for the people to God, ¹¹  and you bring ¹²  their disputes ¹³  to God;

[9:18]  ¹ tn הִנְנִי מַמְטִיר (hinÿni mamtir) is the futur instans construction, giving an imminent future translation: “Here – I am about to cause it to rain.”

[9:18]  ² tn Heb “which not was like it in Egypt.” The pronoun suffix serves as the resumptive pronoun for the relative particle: “which…like it” becomes “the like of which has not been.” The word “hail” is added in the translation to make clear the referent of the relative particle.

[9:18]  ³ tn The form הִוָּסְדָה (hivvasdah) is perhaps a rare Niphal perfect and not an infinitive (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 117).

[9:24]  ¹ tn The verb is the common preterite וַיְהִי (vayÿhi), which is normally translated “and there was” if it is translated at all. The verb הָיָה (hayah), however, can mean “be, become, befall, fall, fall out, happen.” Here it could be simply translated “there was hail,” but the active “hail fell” fits the point of the sequence better.

[9:24]  ² tn The form מִתְלַקַּחַת (mitlaqqakhat) is a Hitpael participle; the clause reads, “and fire taking hold of itself in the midst of the hail.” This probably refers to lightning flashing back and forth. See also Ezek 1:4. God created a great storm with flashing fire connected to it.

[9:24]  ³ tn Heb “very heavy” or “very severe.” The subject “the hail” is implied.

[9:24]  ⁴ tn A literal reading of the clause would be “which there was not like it in all the land of Egypt.” The relative pronoun must be joined to the resumptive pronoun: “which like it (like which) there had not been.”

[10:23]  ¹ tn Heb “a man…his brother.”

[10:23]  ² tn The perfect tense in this context requires the somewhat rare classification of a potential perfect.

[18:19]  ¹ tn Heb “hear my voice.”

[18:19]  ² tn The line reads “Be you to the people before God.” He is to be their representative before God. This is introducing the aspect of the work that only Moses could do, what he has been doing. He is to be before God for the people, to pray for them, to appeal on their behalf. Jethro is essentially saying, I understand that you cannot delegate this to anyone else, so continue doing it (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 219-20).

[18:19]  ³ tn The form is the perfect tense with the vav (ו) consecutive; following the imperative it will be instruction as well. Since the imperative preceding this had the idea of “continue to be” as you are, this too has that force.

[18:19]  ⁴ tn Heb “words”; KJV, ASV “the causes”; NRSV “cases”; NLT “questions.”