Ezekiel 1:18

1:18 Their rims were high and awesome, ¹  and the rims of all four wheels were full of eyes all around.

Revelation 4:6

4:6 and in front of the throne was something like a sea of glass, like crystal. ² 

In ³  the middle of the throne ⁴  and around the throne were four living creatures ⁵  full of eyes in front and in back.

Revelation 4:8

4:8 Each one of the four living creatures had six wings ⁶  and was full of eyes all around and inside. ⁷  They never rest day or night, saying: ⁸ 

“Holy Holy Holy is the Lord God, the All-Powerful, ⁹ 

Who was and who is, and who is still to come!”

[1:18]  ¹ tc The MT reads וְיִרְאָה לָהֶם (vÿyir’ah lahem, “and fear belonged to them”). In a similar vision in 10:12 the wheels are described as having spokes (יִדֵיהֶם, yideyhem). That parallel would suggest יָדוֹת (yadot) here (written יָדֹת without the mater). By positing both a ד/ר (dalet/resh) confusion and a ת/ה (hey/khet) confusion the form was read as וְיָרֵה (vÿyareh) and was then misunderstood and subsequently written as וְיִרְאָה (vÿyir’ah) in the MT. The reading וְיִרְאָה does not seem to fit the context well, though in English it can be made to sound as if it does. See W. H. Brownlee, Ezekiel 1-19 (WBC), 8-9. The LXX reads καὶ εἶδον αὐτά (kai eidon auta, “and I saw”), which assumes וָאֵרֶא (va’ere’). The existing consonants of the MT may also be read as “it was visible to them.”

[4:6]  ² tn This could refer to rock crystal, but it is possible this refers to ice (an older meaning). See BDAG 571 s.v. κρύσταλλος.

[4:6]  ³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

[4:6]  ⁴ tn Perhaps, “in the middle of the throne area” (see L&N 83.10).

[4:6]  ⁵ tn On the meaning of ζῴον (zwon) BDAG 431 s.v. 2 states, “Of the four peculiar beings at God’s throne, whose description Rv 4:6-9 reminds one of the ζῷα in Ezk 1:5ff, the cherubim. S. also Rv 5:6, 8, 11, 14; 6:1, 3, 5-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4.”

[4:8]  ⁶ tn Grk “six wings apiece,” but this is redundant with “each one” in English.

[4:8]  ⁷ tn Some translations render ἔσωθεν (eswqen) as “under [its] wings,” but the description could also mean “filled all around on the outside and on the inside with eyes.” Since the referent is not available to the interpreter, the exact force is difficult to determine.

[4:8]  ⁸ tn Or “They never stop saying day and night.”

[4:8]  ⁹ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”