Discovery BoxEzekiel 22:6
Context22:6 “‘See how each of the princes of Israel living within you has used his authority to shed blood. 1
Micah 2:1
Context2:1 Those who devise sinful plans are as good as dead, 2
those who dream about doing evil as they lie in bed. 3
As soon as morning dawns they carry out their plans, 4
because they have the power to do so.
Micah 7:3
Context7:3 They are determined to be experts at doing evil; 5
government officials and judges take bribes, 6
prominent men make demands,
and they all do what is necessary to satisfy them. 7
Zephaniah 3:1-5
Context3:1 The filthy, 8 stained city is as good as dead;
the city filled with oppressors is finished! 9
she refuses correction. 11
She does not trust the Lord;
she does not seek the advice of 12 her God.
3:3 Her princes 13 are as fierce as roaring lions; 14
her rulers 15 are as hungry as wolves in the desert, 16
who completely devour their prey by morning. 17
3:4 Her prophets are proud; 18
they are deceitful men.
Her priests defile what is holy; 19
they break God’s laws. 20
3:5 The just Lord resides 21 within her;
he commits no unjust acts. 22
Every morning he reveals 23 his justice.
At dawn he appears without fail. 24
Yet the unjust know no shame.
[22:6] 1 tn Heb “Look! The princes of Israel, each according to his arm, were in you in order to shed blood.”
[2:1] 2 tn Heb “Woe to those who plan sin.” The Hebrew term הוֹי (hoy, “woe”; “ah”) was a cry used in mourning the dead.
[2:1] 3 tn Heb “those who do evil upon their beds.”
[2:1] 4 tn Heb “at the light of morning they do it.”
[7:3] 5 tn Heb “upon evil [are their] hands to do [it] well.”
[7:3] 6 tn Heb “the official asks – and the judge – for a bribe.”
[7:3] 7 tn More literally, “the great one announces what his appetite desires and they weave it together.” Apparently this means that subordinates plot and maneuver to make sure the prominent man’s desires materialize.
[3:1] 8 tn The present translation assumes מֹרְאָה (mor’ah) is derived from רֹאִי (ro’i,“excrement”; see Jastrow 1436 s.v. רֳאִי). The following participle, “stained,” supports this interpretation (cf. NEB “filthy and foul”; NRSV “soiled, defiled”). Another option is to derive the form from מָרָה (marah, “to rebel”); in this case the term should be translated “rebellious” (cf. NASB, NIV “rebellious and defiled”). This idea is supported by v. 2. For discussion of the two options, see HALOT 630 s.v. I מרא and J. J. M. Roberts, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah (OTL), 206.
[3:1] 9 tn Heb “Woe, soiled and stained one, oppressive city.” The verb “is finished” is supplied in the second line. On the Hebrew word הוֹי (hoy, “ah, woe”), see the note on the word “dead” in 2:5.
[3:2] 10 tn Heb “she does not hear a voice” Refusing to listen is equated with disobedience.
[3:2] 11 tn Heb “she does not receive correction.” The Hebrew phrase, when negated, refers elsewhere to rejecting verbal advice (Jer 17:23; 32:33; 35:13) and refusing to learn from experience (Jer 2:30; 5:3).
[3:2] 12 tn Heb “draw near to.” The present translation assumes that the expression “draw near to” refers to seeking God’s will (see 1 Sam 14:36).
[3:3] 14 tn Heb “her princes in her midst are roaring lions.” The metaphor has been translated as a simile (“as fierce as”) for clarity.
[3:3] 15 tn Traditionally “judges.”
[3:3] 16 tn Heb “her judges [are] wolves of the evening,” that is, wolves that prowl at night. The translation assumes an emendation to עֲרָבָה (’aravah, “desert”). For a discussion of this and other options, see Adele Berlin, Zephaniah (AB 25A), 128. The metaphor has been translated as a simile (“as hungry as”) for clarity.
[3:3] 17 tn Heb “they do not gnaw [a bone] at morning.” The precise meaning of the line is unclear. The statement may mean these wolves devour their prey so completely that not even a bone is left to gnaw by the time morning arrives. For a discussion of this and other options, see Adele Berlin, Zephaniah (AB 25A), 129.
[3:4] 18 sn Applied to prophets, the word פֹּחֲזִים (pokhazim, “proud”) probably refers to their audacity in passing off their own words as genuine prophecies from the
[3:4] 19 tn Or “defile the temple.”
[3:4] 20 tn Heb “they treat violently [the] law.”
[3:5] 21 tn The word “resides” is supplied for clarification.
[3:5] 22 tn Or “he does no injustice.”
[3:5] 23 tn Heb “gives”; or “dispenses.”
[3:5] 24 tn Heb “at the light he is not missing.” Note that NASB (which capitalizes pronouns referring to Deity) has divided the lines differently: “Every morning He brings His justice to light; // He does not fail.”
