[25:15] 1 sn The Philistines inhabited the coastal plain by the Mediterranean Sea, west of Judah.
[25:15] 2 tn Heb “have acted with vengeance and taken vengeance with vengeance.” The repetition emphasizes the degree of vengeance which they exhibited, presumably toward Judah.
[25:15] 3 tn Heb “with scorn in (the) soul.”
[25:15] 4 tn The object is not specified in the Hebrew text, but has been clarified as “Judah” in the translation.
[25:15] 5 tn Heb “to destroy (with) perpetual hostility.” Joel 3:4-8 also speaks of the Philistines taking advantage of the fall of Judah.