Ezekiel 31:10-18

31:10 “‘Therefore this is what the sovereign Lord says: Because it was tall in stature, and its top reached into the clouds, and it was proud of its height, 31:11 I gave it over to the leader of the nations. He has judged it thoroughly, ¹  as its sinfulness deserves. I have thrown it out. 31:12 Foreigners from the most terrifying nations have cut it down and left it to lie there on the mountains. In all the valleys its branches have fallen, and its boughs lie broken in the ravines of the land. All the peoples of the land ²  have departed ³  from its shade and left it. 31:13 On its ruins all the birds of the sky will live, and all the wild animals ⁴  will walk ⁵  on its branches. 31:14 For this reason no watered trees will grow so tall; their tops will not reach into the clouds, nor will the well-watered ones grow that high. ⁶  For all of them have been appointed to die in the lower parts of the earth; ⁷  they will be among mere mortals, ⁸  with those who descend to the pit.

31:15 “‘This is what the sovereign Lord says: On the day it ⁹  went down to Sheol I caused observers to lament. ¹⁰  I covered it with the deep and held back its rivers; its plentiful water was restrained. I clothed Lebanon in black for it, and all the trees of the field wilted because of it. 31:16 I made the nations shake at the sound of its fall, when I threw it down to Sheol, along with those who descend to the pit. ¹¹  Then all the trees of Eden, the choicest and the best of Lebanon, all that were well-watered, were comforted in the earth below. 31:17 Those who lived in its shade, its allies ¹²  among the nations, also went down with it to Sheol, to those killed by the sword. 31:18 Which of the trees of Eden was like you in majesty and loftiness? You will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the lower parts of the earth; you will lie among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword! This is what will happen to Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.’”

[31:11]  ¹ tn Heb “acting he has acted with regard to it.” The infinitive absolute precedes the main verb to emphasize the certainty and decisiveness of the action depicted.

[31:12]  ² tn Or “earth” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[31:12]  ³ tn Heb “gone down.”

[31:13]  ⁴ tn Heb “the beasts of the field,” referring to wild as opposed to domesticated animals.

[31:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “be.”

[31:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “and they will not stand to them in their height, all the drinkers of water.”

[31:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “for death, to the lower earth.”

[31:14]  ⁸ tn Heb “the sons of men.”

[31:15]  ⁹ tn Or “he.”

[31:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “I caused lamentation.” D. I. Block (Ezekiel [NICOT], 2:194-95) proposes an alternative root which would give the meaning “I gated back the waters,” i.e., shut off the water supply.

[31:16]  ¹¹ sn For the expression “going down to the pit,” see Ezek 26:20; 32:18, 24, 29.

[31:17]  ¹² tn Heb “its arm.”