Ezekiel 31:18

31:18 Which of the trees of Eden was like you in majesty and loftiness? You will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the lower parts of the earth; you will lie among the uncircumcised, with those killed by the sword! This is what will happen to Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the sovereign Lord.’”

Ezekiel 32:4-6

32:4 I will leave you on the ground,

I will fling you on the open field,

I will allow ¹  all the birds of the sky to settle ²  on you,

and I will permit ³  all the wild animals ⁴  to gorge themselves on you.

32:5 I will put your flesh on the mountains,

and fill the valleys with your maggot-infested carcass. ⁵ 

32:6 I will drench the land with the flow

of your blood up to the mountains,

and the ravines will be full of your blood. ⁶ 

Ezekiel 39:4-6

39:4 You will fall dead on the mountains of Israel, you and all your troops and the people who are with you. I give you as food to every kind of bird and every wild beast. 39:5 You will fall dead in the open field; for I have spoken, declares the sovereign Lord. 39:6 I will send fire on Magog and those who live securely in the coastlands; then they will know that I am the Lord.

Ezekiel 39:11-20

39:11 “‘On that day I will assign Gog a grave in Israel. It will be the valley of those who travel east of the sea; it will block the way of the travelers. There they will bury Gog and all his horde; they will call it the valley of Hamon-Gog. ⁷  39:12 For seven months Israel ⁸  will bury them, in order to cleanse the land. 39:13 All the people of the land will bury them, and it will be a memorial ⁹  for them on the day I magnify myself, declares the sovereign Lord. 39:14 They will designate men to scout continually ¹⁰  through the land, burying those who remain on the surface of the ground, ¹¹  in order to cleanse it. They will search for seven full months. 39:15 When the scouts survey ¹²  the land and see a human bone, they will place a sign by it, until those assigned to burial duty have buried it ¹³  in the valley of Hamon-Gog. 39:16 (A city by the name of Hamonah ¹⁴  will also be there.) They will cleanse the land.’

39:17 “As for you, son of man, this is what the sovereign Lord says: Tell every kind of bird and every wild beast: ‘Assemble and come! Gather from all around to my slaughter ¹⁵  which I am going to make for you, a great slaughter on the mountains of Israel! You will eat flesh and drink blood. 39:18 You will eat the flesh of warriors ¹⁶  and drink the blood of the princes of the earth – the rams, lambs, goats, and bulls, all of them fattened animals of Bashan. 39:19 You will eat fat until you are full, and drink blood until you are drunk, ¹⁷  at my slaughter ¹⁸  which I have made for you. 39:20 You will fill up at my table with horses and charioteers, ¹⁹  with warriors and all the soldiers,’ declares the sovereign Lord.

Psalms 110:5-6

110:5 O sovereign Lord, ²⁰  at your right hand

he strikes down ²¹  kings in the day he unleashes his anger. ²² 

110:6 He executes judgment ²³  against ²⁴  the nations;

he fills the valleys with corpses; ²⁵ 

he shatters their heads over the vast battlefield. ²⁶ 

Jeremiah 8:2

8:2 They will be spread out and exposed to the sun, the moon and the stars. ²⁷  These are things they ²⁸  adored and served, things to which they paid allegiance, ²⁹  from which they sought guidance, and worshiped. The bones of these people ³⁰  will never be regathered and reburied. They will be like manure used to fertilize the ground. ³¹ 

Jeremiah 16:4

16:4 They will die of deadly diseases. No one will mourn for them. They will not be buried. Their dead bodies will lie like manure spread on the ground. They will be killed in war or die of starvation. Their corpses will be food for the birds and wild animals.

Jeremiah 25:33

25:33 Those who have been killed by the Lord at that time

will be scattered from one end of the earth to the other.

They will not be mourned over, gathered up, or buried. ³² 

Their dead bodies will lie scattered over the ground like manure.

[32:4]  ¹ tn Or “cause.”

[32:4]  ² tn Heb “live.”

[32:4]  ³ tn Or “cause.”

[32:4]  ⁴ tn Heb “the beasts of the field,” referring to wild as opposed to domesticated animals.

[32:5]  ⁵ tc The Hebrew text is difficult here, apparently meaning “your height.” Following Symmachus and the Syriac, it is preferable to emend the text to read “your maggots.” See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:203.

[32:6]  ⁶ tn Heb “from you.”

[39:11]  ⁷ tn The name means “horde of Gog.”

[39:12]  ⁸ tn Heb “the house of Israel.”

[39:13]  ⁹ tn Heb “name.”

[39:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “men of perpetuity.”

[39:14]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and bury the travelers and those who remain on the surface of the ground.” The reference to “travelers” seems odd and is omitted in the LXX. It is probably an accidental duplication (see v. 11).

[39:15]  ¹² tn Heb “as the scouts scout.”

[39:15]  ¹³ tn That is, the aforementioned bone.

[39:16]  ¹⁴ tn This name appears to be a feminine form of the word “horde,” used in the name Hamon-Gog.

[39:17]  ¹⁵ tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).

[39:18]  ¹⁶ sn See Rev 19:17-18.

[39:19]  ¹⁷ sn Eating the fat and drinking blood were God’s exclusive rights in Israelite sacrifices (Lev 3:17).

[39:19]  ¹⁸ tn Or “sacrifice” (so also in the rest of this verse).

[39:20]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “chariots.”

[110:5]  ²⁰ tn As pointed in the Hebrew text, this title refers to God (many medieval Hebrew mss read יְהוָה, yehveh, “Lord” here). The present translation assumes that the psalmist here addresses the Lord as he celebrates what the king is able to accomplish while positioned at God’s “right hand.” According to this view the king is the subject of the third person verb forms in vv. 5b-7. (2) Another option is to understand the king as the addressee (as in vv. 2-3). In this case “the Lord” is the subject of the third person verbs throughout vv. 5-7 and is depicted as a warrior in a very anthropomorphic manner. In this case the Lord is pictured as being at the psalmist’s right hand (just the opposite of v. 1). See Pss 16:8; 121:5. (3) A third option is to revocalize אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “Lord”) as אֲדֹנִי (’adoniy, “my lord”; see v. 1). In this case one may translate, “My lord, at his [God’s] right hand, strikes down.” In this case the king is the subject of the third person verbs in vv. 5b-7.

[110:5]  ²¹ tn The perfect verbal forms in vv. 5-6 are understood here as descriptive-dramatic or as generalizing. Another option is to take them as rhetorical. In this case the psalmist describes anticipated events as if they had already taken place.

[110:5]  ²² tn Heb “in the day of his anger.”

[110:6]  ²³ tn The imperfect verbal forms in vv. 6-7 are understood here as descriptive-dramatic or as generalizing, though they could be taken as future.

[110:6]  ²⁴ tn Or “among.”

[110:6]  ²⁵ tn Heb “he fills [with] corpses,” but one expects a double accusative here. The translation assumes an emendation to גְוִיּוֹת גֵאָיוֹת(בִּ) מִלֵּא or מִלֵּא גֵאָיוֹת גְּוִיוֹת (for a similar construction see Ezek 32:5). In the former case גֵאָיוֹת(ge’ayot) has accidentally dropped from the text due to homoioteleuton; in the latter case it has dropped out due to homoioarcton.

[110:6]  ²⁶ tn Heb “he strikes [the verb is מָחַץ (makhats), translated “strikes down” in v. 5] head[s] over a great land.” The Hebrew term רַבָּה (rabbah, “great”) is here used of distance or spatial measurement (see 1 Sam 26:13).

[8:2]  ²⁷ tc MT, 4QJer^a and LXX read “the sun and the moon and all the host of heaven,” but 4QJer^c reads “the sun and all the stars.”

[8:2]  ²⁸ tn Heb “the sun, moon, and host of heaven which they…”

[8:2]  ²⁹ tn Heb “followed after.” See the translator’s note at 2:5 for the idiom.

[8:2]  ³⁰ tn Heb “they will not” but the referent is far enough removed that it might be ambiguous.

[8:2]  ³¹ tn Heb “like dung/manure on the surface of the ground.”

[25:33]  ³² sn The intent here is to emphasize the large quantity of those who are killed – there will be too many to insure proper mourning rites and proper burial.