Ezekiel 38:5

38:5 Persia, ¹  Ethiopia, and Put ²  are with them, all of them with shields and helmets.

Ezekiel 30:5

30:5 Ethiopia, Put, Lud, all the foreigners, ³  Libya, and the people ⁴  of the covenant land ⁵  will die by the sword along with them.

Ezekiel 29:10

29:10 I am against ⁶  you and your waterways. I will turn the land of Egypt into an utter desolate ruin from Migdol ⁷  to Syene, ⁸  as far as the border with Ethiopia.

Ezekiel 30:9

30:9 On that day messengers will go out from me in ships to frighten overly confident Ethiopia; panic will overtake them on the day of Egypt’s doom; ⁹  for beware – it is coming!

[38:5]  ¹ tn D. I. Block prefers to see the Hebrew word as referring here to a western ally of Egypt or as an alternative spelling for Pathros, that is, Upper Egypt. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 2:439-40.

[38:5]  ² sn That is, Lydia.

[30:5]  ³ tn The same expression appears in Exod 12:38; Jer 25:20; 50:37; Neh 13:3. It may refer to foreign mercenaries serving in the armies of the nations listed here.

[30:5]  ⁴ tn Heb “sons.”

[30:5]  ⁵ tn The expression “sons of the covenant land” possibly refers to Jews living in Egypt (Jer 44).

[29:10]  ⁵ tn Or “I challenge you.” The phrase “I am against you” may be a formula for challenging someone to combat or a duel. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:201-2, and P. Humbert, “Die Herausforderungsformel ‘h!nn#n' ?l?K>,’” ZAW 45 (1933): 101-8.

[29:10]  ⁶ sn This may refer to a site in the Egyptian Delta which served as a refuge for Jews (Jer 44:1; 46:14).

[29:10]  ⁷ sn Syene is known today as Aswan.

[30:9]  ⁷ tn Heb “in the day of Egypt.” The word “doom” has been added in the translation to clarify the nature of this day.