Ezekiel 5:4

5:4 Again, take more of them and throw them into the fire, ¹  and burn them up. From there a fire will spread to all the house of Israel.

Jude 1:15

1:15 to execute judgment on ²  all, and to convict every person ³  of all their thoroughly ungodly deeds ⁴  that they have committed, ⁵  and of all the harsh words that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.” ⁶ 

Jude 1:20

1:20 But you, dear friends, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith, by praying in the Holy Spirit, ⁷ 

Amos 1:9-10

1:9 This is what the Lord says:

“Because Tyre has committed three crimes ⁸  –

make that four! ⁹  – I will not revoke my decree of judgment. ¹⁰ 

They sold ¹¹  a whole community ¹²  to Edom;

they failed to observe ¹³  a treaty of brotherhood. ¹⁴ 

1:10 So I will set fire to Tyre’s city wall; ¹⁵ 

fire ¹⁶  will consume her fortresses.”

Amos 1:14

1:14 So I will set fire to Rabbah’s ¹⁷  city wall; ¹⁸ 

fire ¹⁹  will consume her fortresses.

War cries will be heard on the day of battle; ²⁰ 

a strong gale will blow on the day of the windstorm. ²¹ 

Amos 2:2

2:2 So I will set Moab on fire, ²² 

and it will consume Kerioth’s ²³  fortresses.

Moab will perish ²⁴  in the heat of battle ²⁵ 

amid war cries and the blaring ²⁶  of the ram’s horn. ²⁷ 

Amos 2:5

2:5 So I will set Judah on fire,

and it will consume Jerusalem’s fortresses.” ²⁸ 

Revelation 18:8

18:8 For this reason, she will experience her plagues ²⁹  in a single day: disease, ³⁰  mourning, ³¹  and famine, and she will be burned down ³²  with fire, because the Lord God who judges her is powerful!”

[5:4]  ¹ tn Heb “into the midst of” (so KJV, ASV). This phrase has been left untranslated for stylistic reasons.

[1:15]  ² tn Grk “against” (κατά [kata] + genitive). English usage is satisfied with “on” at this point, but the parallel is lost in the translation to some degree, for the end of v. 15 says that this judgment is meted out on these sinners because they spoke against him (κατά + genitive).

[1:15]  ³ tn Or “soul.”

[1:15]  ⁴ tn Grk “of all their works of ungodliness.” The adverb “thoroughly” is part of the following verb “have committed.” See note on verb “committed” later in this verse.

[1:15]  ⁵ tn The verb in Greek does not simply mean “have committed,” but “have committed in an ungodly way.” The verb ἀσεβέω (asebew) is cognate to the noun ἀσέβεια (asebeia, “ungodliness”). There is no easy way to express this in English, since English does not have a single word that means the same thing. Nevertheless, the tenor of v. 15 is plainly seen, regardless of the translation.

[1:15]  ⁶ sn An apparent quotation from 1 En. 1:9. There is some doubt as to whether Jude is actually quoting from the text of 1 Enoch; the text here in Jude differs in some respects from the extant text of this pseudepigraphic book. It is sometimes suggested that Jude may instead have been quoting from oral tradition which had roots older than the written text.

[1:20]  ⁷ tn The participles in v. 20 have been variously interpreted. Some treat them imperativally or as attendant circumstance to the imperative in v. 21 (“maintain”): “build yourselves up…pray.” But they do not follow the normal contours of either the imperatival or attendant circumstance participles, rendering this unlikely. A better option is to treat them as the means by which the readers are to maintain themselves in the love of God. This both makes eminently good sense and fits the structural patterns of instrumental participles elsewhere.

[1:9]  ⁸ tn Traditionally, “transgressions” (KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV) or “sins” (NIV). For an explanation of the atrocities outlined in this oracle as treaty violations of God’s mandate to Noah in Gen 9:5-7, see the note on the word “violations” in 1:3.

[1:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “Because of three violations of Tyre, even because of four.”

[1:9]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “I will not bring it [or “him”] back.” The translation understands the pronominal object to refer to the decree of judgment that follows; the referent (the decree) has been specified in the translation for clarity. For another option see the note on the word “judgment” in 1:3.

[1:9]  ¹¹ tn Heb “handed over.”

[1:9]  ¹² tn Heb “[group of] exiles.” A similar phrase occurs in v. 6.

[1:9]  ¹³ tn Heb “did not remember.”

[1:9]  ¹⁴ sn A treaty of brotherhood. In the ancient Near Eastern world familial terms were sometimes used to describe treaty partners. In a treaty between superior and inferior parties, the lord would be called “father” and the subject “son.” The partners in a treaty between equals referred to themselves as “brothers.” For biblical examples, see 1 Kgs 9:13; 20:32-33.

[1:10]  ¹⁵ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:10]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:14]  ¹⁷ sn Rabbah was the Ammonite capital.

[1:14]  ¹⁸ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:14]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:14]  ²⁰ tn Heb “with a war cry in the day of battle.”

[1:14]  ²¹ tn Heb “with wind in the day of the windstorm.”

[2:2]  ²² sn The destruction of Moab by fire is an example of a judgment in kind – as the Moabites committed the crime of “burning,” so the Lord will punish them by setting them on fire.

[2:2]  ²³ sn Kerioth was an important Moabite city. See Jer 48:24, 41.

[2:2]  ²⁴ tn Or “die” (KJV, NASB, NRSV, TEV); NAB “shall meet death.”

[2:2]  ²⁵ tn Or “in the tumult.” This word refers to the harsh confusion of sounds that characterized an ancient battle – a mixture of war cries, shouts, shrieks of pain, clashes of weapons, etc.

[2:2]  ²⁶ tn Heb “sound” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV).

[2:2]  ²⁷ sn The ram’s horn (used as a trumpet) was blown to signal the approaching battle.

[2:5]  ²⁸ map For the location of Jerusalem see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[18:8]  ²⁹ tn Grk “For this reason, her plagues will come.”

[18:8]  ³⁰ tn Grk “death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).

[18:8]  ³¹ tn This is the same Greek word (πένθος, penqo") translated “grief” in vv. 7-8.

[18:8]  ³² tn Here “burned down” was used to translate κατακαυθήσεται (katakauqhsetai) because a city is in view.