Galatians 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, ¹  an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)

Galatians 2:12

2:12 Until ²  certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this ³  and separated himself ⁴  because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. ⁵ 

Galatians 4:24

4:24 These things may be treated as an allegory, ⁶  for these women represent two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai bearing children for slavery; this is Hagar.

[1:1]  ¹ tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

[2:12]  ² tn The conjunction γάρ has not been translated here.

[2:12]  ³ tn Grk “he drew back.” If ἑαυτόν (Jeauton) goes with both ὑπέστελλεν (Jupestellen) and ἀφώριζεν (afwrizen) rather than only the latter, the meaning would be “he drew himself back” (see BDAG 1041 s.v. ὑποστέλλω 1.a).

[2:12]  ⁴ tn Or “and held himself aloof.”

[2:12]  ⁵ tn Grk “the [ones] of the circumcision,” that is, the group of Jewish Christians who insisted on circumcision of Gentiles before they could become Christians.

[4:24]  ³ tn Grk “which things are spoken about allegorically.” Paul is not saying the OT account is an allegory, but rather that he is constructing an allegory based on the OT account.