Galatians 1:19

1:19 But I saw none of the other apostles ¹  except James the Lord’s brother.

Galatians 4:8

Heirs of Promise Are Not to Return to Law

4:8 Formerly when you did not know God, you were enslaved to beings that by nature are not gods at all. ² 

Galatians 4:18

4:18 However, it is good ³  to be sought eagerly ⁴  for a good purpose ⁵  at all times, and not only when I am present with you.

Galatians 5:7

5:7 You were running well; who prevented you from obeying ⁶  the truth?

Galatians 5:15-16

5:15 However, if you continually bite and devour one another, ⁷  beware that you are not consumed ⁸  by one another. 5:16 But I say, live ⁹  by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh. ¹⁰ 

Galatians 5:26

5:26 Let us not become conceited, ¹¹  provoking ¹²  one another, being jealous ¹³  of one another.

[1:19]  ¹ tn Grk “But another of the apostles I did not see, except…” with “another” in emphatic position in the Greek text. Paul is determined to make the point that his contacts with the original twelve apostles and other leaders of the Jerusalem church were limited, thus asserting his independence from them.

[4:8]  ² tn Grk “those that by nature…” with the word “beings” implied. BDAG 1070 s.v. φύσις 2 sees this as referring to pagan worship: “Polytheists worship…beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8.”

[4:18]  ³ tn Or “commendable.”

[4:18]  ⁴ tn Or “to be zealous.”

[4:18]  ⁵ tn Grk “But it is always good to be zealous in good.”

[5:7]  ⁴ tn Or “following.” BDAG 792 s.v. πείθω 3.b states, “obey, follow w. dat. of the pers. or thing…Gal 3:1 v.l.; 5:7.”

[5:15]  ⁵ tn That is, “if you are harming and exploiting one another.” Paul’s metaphors are retained in most modern translations, but it is possible to see the meanings of δάκνω and κατεσθίω (daknw and katesqiw, L&N 20.26 and 88.145) as figurative extensions of the literal meanings of these terms and to translate them accordingly. The present tenses here are translated as customary presents (“continually…”).

[5:15]  ⁶ tn Or “destroyed.”

[5:16]  ⁶ tn Grk “walk” (a common NT idiom for how one conducts one’s life or how one behaves).

[5:16]  ⁷ tn On the term “flesh” (once in this verse and twice in v. 17) see the note on the same word in Gal 5:13.

[5:26]  ⁷ tn Or “falsely proud.”

[5:26]  ⁸ tn Or “irritating.” BDAG 871 s.v. προκαλέω has “provoke, challenge τινά someone.”

[5:26]  ⁹ tn Or “another, envying one another.”