Galatians 1:5

1:5 to whom be glory forever and ever! Amen.

Galatians 4:5

4:5 to redeem those who were under the law, so that we may be adopted as sons with full rights. ¹ 

Galatians 1:17

1:17 nor did I go up to Jerusalem ²  to see those who were apostles before me, but right away I departed to Arabia, ³  and then returned to Damascus.

Galatians 6:10

6:10 So then, ⁴  whenever we have an opportunity, let us do good to all people, and especially to those who belong to the family of faith. ⁵ 

Galatians 2:4

2:4 Now this matter arose ⁶  because of the false brothers with false pretenses ⁷  who slipped in unnoticed to spy on ⁸  our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus, to make us slaves. ⁹ 

Galatians 2:12

2:12 Until ¹⁰  certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this ¹¹  and separated himself ¹²  because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. ¹³ 

Galatians 4:15

4:15 Where then is your sense of happiness ¹⁴  now? For I testify about you that if it were possible, you would have pulled out your eyes and given them to me!

[4:5]  ¹ tn The Greek term υἱοθεσία (Juioqesia) was originally a legal technical term for adoption as a son with full rights of inheritance. BDAG 1024 s.v. notes, “a legal t.t. of ‘adoption’ of children, in our lit., i.e. in Paul, only in a transferred sense of a transcendent filial relationship between God and humans (with the legal aspect, not gender specificity, as major semantic component).” Although some modern translations remove the filial sense completely and render the term merely “adoption” (cf. NAB), the retention of this component of meaning was accomplished in the present translation by the phrase “as sons.”

[1:17]  ¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:17]  ² sn As a geographical region Arabia included the territory west of Mesopotamia, east and south of Syria and Palestine, extending to the isthmus of Suez. During the Roman occupation, some independent kingdoms arose like that of the Nabateans south of Damascus, and these could be called simply Arabia. In light of the proximity to Damascus, this may well be the territory Paul says he visited here. See also C. W. Briggs, “The Apostle Paul in Arabia,” Biblical World 41 (1913): 255-59.

[6:10]  ¹ tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what Paul has been arguing.

[6:10]  ² tn Grk “to those who are members of the family of [the] faith.”

[2:4]  ¹ tn No subject and verb are expressed in vv. 4-5, but the phrase “Now this matter arose,” implied from v. 3, was supplied to make a complete English sentence.

[2:4]  ² tn The adjective παρεισάκτους (pareisaktou"), which relates to someone joining a group with false motives or false pretenses, applies to the “false brothers.” Although the expression “false brothers with false pretenses” is somewhat redundant, it captures the emphatic force of Paul’s expression, which labels both these “brothers” as false (ψευδαδέλφους, yeudadelfou") as well as their motives. See L&N 34.29 for more information.

[2:4]  ³ tn The verb translated here as “spy on” (κατασκοπέω, kataskopew) can have a neutral nuance, but here the connotation is certainly negative (so F. F. Bruce, Galatians [NIGTC], 112-13, and E. Burton, Galatians [ICC], 83).

[2:4]  ⁴ tn Grk “in order that they might enslave us.” The ἵνα (Jina) clause with the subjunctive verb καταδουλώσουσιν (katadoulwsousin) has been translated as an English infinitival clause.

[2:12]  ¹ tn The conjunction γάρ has not been translated here.

[2:12]  ² tn Grk “he drew back.” If ἑαυτόν (Jeauton) goes with both ὑπέστελλεν (Jupestellen) and ἀφώριζεν (afwrizen) rather than only the latter, the meaning would be “he drew himself back” (see BDAG 1041 s.v. ὑποστέλλω 1.a).

[2:12]  ³ tn Or “and held himself aloof.”

[2:12]  ⁴ tn Grk “the [ones] of the circumcision,” that is, the group of Jewish Christians who insisted on circumcision of Gentiles before they could become Christians.

[4:15]  ¹ tn Or “blessedness.”