Discovery BoxGenesis 3:24
Context3:24 When he drove 1 the man out, he placed on the eastern side 2 of the orchard in Eden angelic sentries 3 who used the flame of a whirling sword 4 to guard the way to the tree of life.
Genesis 28:12
Context28:12 and had a dream. 5 He saw 6 a stairway 7 erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it
Isaiah 6:2
Context6:2 Seraphs 8 stood over him; each one had six wings. With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, 9 and they used the remaining two to fly.
Ezekiel 10:1-22
Context10:1 As I watched, I saw 10 on the platform 11 above the top of the cherubim something like a sapphire, resembling the shape of a throne, appearing above them. 10:2 The Lord 12 said to the man dressed in linen, “Go between the wheelwork 13 underneath the cherubim. 14 Fill your hands with burning coals from among the cherubim and scatter them over the city.” He went as I watched.
10:3 (The cherubim were standing on the south side 15 of the temple when the man went in, and a cloud filled the inner court.) 10:4 Then the glory of the Lord arose from the cherub and moved to the threshold of the temple. The temple was filled with the cloud while the court was filled with the brightness of the Lord’s glory. 10:5 The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard from the outer court, like the sound of the sovereign God 16 when he speaks.
10:6 When the Lord 17 commanded the man dressed in linen, “Take fire from within the wheelwork, from among the cherubim,” the man 18 went in and stood by one of the wheels. 19 10:7 Then one of the cherubim 20 stretched out his hand 21 toward the fire which was among the cherubim. He took some and put it into the hands of the man dressed in linen, who took it and left. 10:8 (The cherubim appeared to have the form 22 of human hands under their wings.)
10:9 As I watched, I noticed 23 four wheels by the cherubim, one wheel beside each cherub; 24 the wheels gleamed like jasper. 25 10:10 As for their appearance, all four of them looked the same, something like a wheel within a wheel. 26 10:11 When they 27 moved, they would go in any of the four directions they faced without turning as they moved; in the direction the head would turn they would follow 28 without turning as they moved, 10:12 along with their entire bodies, 29 their backs, their hands, and their wings. The wheels of the four of them were full of eyes all around. 10:13 As for their wheels, they were called “the wheelwork” 30 as I listened. 10:14 Each of the cherubim 31 had four faces: The first was the face of a cherub, 32 the second that of a man, the third that of a lion, and the fourth that of an eagle.
10:15 The cherubim rose up; these were the living beings 33 I saw at the Kebar River. 10:16 When the cherubim moved, the wheels moved beside them; when the cherubim spread 34 their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did not move from their side. 10:17 When the cherubim 35 stood still, the wheels 36 stood still, and when they rose up, the wheels 37 rose up with them, for the spirit 38 of the living beings 39 was in the wheels. 40
10:18 Then the glory of the Lord moved away from the threshold of the temple and stopped above the cherubim. 10:19 The cherubim spread 41 their wings, and they rose up from the earth 42 while I watched (when they went the wheels went alongside them). They stopped at the entrance to the east gate of the Lord’s temple as the glory of the God of Israel hovered above them.
10:20 These were the living creatures 43 which I saw at the Kebar River underneath the God of Israel; I knew that they were cherubim. 10:21 Each had four faces; each had four wings and the form of human hands under the wings. 10:22 As for the form of their faces, they were the faces whose appearance I had seen at the Kebar River. Each one moved straight ahead.
John 1:51
Context1:51 He continued, 44 “I tell all of you the solemn truth 45 – you will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.” 46
John 1:2
Context1:2 The Word 47 was with God in the beginning.
Colossians 3:18
Context3:18 Wives, submit to your 48 husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.
Philippians 3:8
Context3:8 More than that, I now regard all things as liabilities compared to the far greater value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things – indeed, I regard them as dung! 49 – that I may gain Christ,
Philippians 3:1
Context3:1 Finally, my brothers and sisters, 50 rejoice in the Lord! To write this again is no trouble to me, and it is a safeguard for you.
Philippians 3:16
Context3:16 Nevertheless, let us live up to the standard 51 that we have already attained. 52
Hebrews 1:14
Context1:14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent out to serve those 53 who will inherit salvation?
[3:24] 1 tn The verb with the vav (ו) consecutive is made subordinate to the next verb forming a temporal clause. This avoids any tautology with the previous verse that already stated that the
[3:24] 2 tn Or “placed in front.” Directions in ancient Israel were given in relation to the east rather than the north.
[3:24] 3 tn The Hebrew word is traditionally transliterated “the cherubim.”
[3:24] 4 tn Heb “the flame of the sword that turns round and round.” The noun “flame” is qualified by the genitive of specification, “the sword,” which in turn is modified by the attributive participle “whirling.” The Hitpael of the verb “turn” has an iterative function here, indicating repeated action. The form is used in Job 37:12 of swirling clouds and in Judg 7:13 of a tumbling roll of bread. Verse 24 depicts the sword as moving from side to side to prevent anyone from passing or as whirling around, ready to cut to shreds anyone who tries to pass.
[28:12] 5 tn Heb “and dreamed.”
[28:12] 6 tn Heb “and look.” The scene which Jacob witnessed is described in three clauses introduced with הִנֵּה (hinneh). In this way the narrator invites the reader to witness the scene through Jacob’s eyes. J. P. Fokkelman points out that the particle goes with a lifted arm and an open mouth: “There, a ladder! Oh, angels! and look, the
[28:12] 7 tn The Hebrew noun סֻלָּם (sullam, “ladder, stairway”) occurs only here in the OT, but there appears to be an Akkadian cognate simmiltu (with metathesis of the second and third consonants and a feminine ending) which has a specialized meaning of “stairway, ramp.” See H. R. Cohen, Biblical Hapax Legomena (SBLDS), 34. For further discussion see C. Houtman, “What Did Jacob See in His Dream at Bethel? Some Remarks on Genesis 28:10-22,” VT 27 (1977): 337-52; J. G. Griffiths, “The Celestial Ladder and the Gate of Heaven,” ExpTim 76 (1964/65): 229-30; and A. R. Millard, “The Celestial Ladder and the Gate of Heaven,” ExpTim 78 (1966/67): 86-87.
[6:2] 8 tn Hebrew שָׂרָף (saraf, “seraph”) literally means “burning one,” perhaps suggesting that these creatures had a fiery appearance (cf. TEV, CEV “flaming creatures”; NCV “heavenly creatures of fire”). Elsewhere in the OT the word “seraph” refers to poisonous snakes (Num 21:6; Deut 8:15; Isa 14:29; 30:6). Perhaps they were called “burning ones” because of their appearance or the effect of their venomous bites, which would cause a victim to burn up with fever. It is possible that the seraphs seen by Isaiah were at least partially serpentine in appearance. Though it might seem strange for a snake-like creature to have wings, two of the texts where “seraphs” are snakes describe them as “flying” (Isa 14:29; 30:6), perhaps referring to their darting movements. See the note at 14:29.
[6:2] 9 sn Some understand “feet” here as a euphemistic reference to the genitals.
[10:1] 10 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[10:1] 11 tn Or “like a dome.” See 1:22-26.
[10:2] 12 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the
[10:2] 13 tn The Hebrew term often refers to chariot wheels (Isa 28:28; Ezek 23:24; 26:10).
[10:2] 14 tc The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and Targum
[10:3] 15 tn Heb “right side.”
[10:5] 16 tn The name (“El Shaddai”) has often been translated “God Almighty,” primarily because Jerome translated it omnipotens (“all powerful”) in the Latin Vulgate. There has been much debate over the meaning of the name. For discussion see W. F. Albright, “The Names Shaddai and Abram,” JBL 54 (1935): 173-210; R. Gordis, “The Biblical Root sdy-sd,” JTS 41 (1940): 34-43; and especially T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 69-72.
[10:6] 17 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[10:6] 18 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the man dressed in linen) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:7] 20 tn Heb “the cherub.”
[10:7] 21 tn The Hebrew text adds, “from among the cherubim.”
[10:8] 22 tn The Hebrew term is normally used as an architectural term in describing the plan or pattern of the tabernacle or temple or a representation of it (see Exod 25:8; 1 Chr 28:11).
[10:9] 23 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
[10:9] 24 tn The MT repeats this phrase, a clear case of dittography.
[10:9] 25 tn Heb “Tarshish stone.” The meaning is uncertain. The term has also been translated “topaz” (NEB), “beryl” (KJV, NASB, NRSV), and “chrysolite” (RSV, NIV).
[10:10] 26 tn Or “like a wheel at right angles to another wheel.” Some envision concentric wheels here, while others propose “a globe-like structure in which two wheels stand at right angles” (L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 1:33-34). See also 1:16.
[10:11] 27 sn That is, the cherubim.
[10:11] 28 tn Many interpreters assume that the human face of each cherub was the one that looked forward.
[10:12] 29 tc The phrase “along with their entire bodies” is absent from the LXX and may be a gloss explaining the following words.
[10:13] 30 tn Or “the whirling wheels.”
[10:14] 31 tn Heb “each one”; the referent (the cherubim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:14] 32 sn The living creature described here is thus slightly different from the one described in Ezek 1:10, where a bull’s face appeared instead of a cherub’s. Note that some English versions harmonize the two descriptions and read the same here as in 1:10 (cf. NAB, NLT “an ox”; TEV, CEV “a bull”). This may be justified based on v. 22, which states the creatures’ appearance was the same.
[10:15] 33 tn Heb “it was the living creature.”
[10:17] 35 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the cherubim) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:17] 36 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the wheels) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:17] 37 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the wheels) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:17] 39 tn Heb “living creature.”
[10:17] 40 tn Heb “them”; the referent (the wheels) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[10:19] 42 tn Or “the ground” (NIV, NCV).
[10:20] 43 tn Heb “That was the living creature.”
[1:51] 44 tn Grk “and he said to him.”
[1:51] 45 tn Grk “Truly, truly, I say to you.”
[1:51] 46 sn The title Son of Man appears 13 times in John’s Gospel. It is associated especially with the themes of crucifixion (3:14; 8:28), revelation (6:27; 6:53), and eschatological authority (5:27; 9:35). The title as used in John’s Gospel has for its background the son of man figure who appears in Dan 7:13-14 and is granted universal regal authority. Thus for the author, the emphasis in this title is not on Jesus’ humanity, but on his heavenly origin and divine authority.
[1:2] 47 tn Grk “He”; the referent (the Word) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[3:18] 48 tn The article τοῖς (tois) with ἀνδράσιν (andrasin, “husbands”) has been translated as a possessive pronoun (“your”); see ExSyn 215.
[3:8] 49 tn The word here translated “dung” was often used in Greek as a vulgar term for fecal matter. As such it would most likely have had a certain shock value for the readers. This may well be Paul’s meaning here, especially since the context is about what the flesh produces.
[3:1] 50 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:12.
[3:16] 51 tc Although κανόνι (kanoni, “standard, rule”) is found in most witnesses, though in various locations in this verse (א2 D2 Ψ 075 Ï), it is almost surely a motivated reading, for it clarifies the cryptic τῷ αὐτῷ (tw autw, “the same”). Both the fact that the word floats, and that there are other variants which accomplish greater clarity by other means, strongly suggests the secondary nature of any of the longer readings here. Further, the shortest text has excellent and early support in Ì16,46 א* A B Ivid 6 33 1739 co, rendering it decidedly the preferred reading. The translation adds “standard” because of English requirements, not because of textual basis.
[3:16] 52 tn Grk “Nevertheless, to what we have attained, to the same hold fast.”
