Genesis 32:11

32:11 Rescue me, ¹  I pray, from the hand ²  of my brother Esau, ³  for I am afraid he will come ⁴  and attack me, as well as the mothers with their children. ⁵ 

Genesis 32:28-29

32:28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, ⁶  “but Israel, ⁷  because you have fought ⁸  with God and with men and have prevailed.”

32:29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” ⁹  “Why ¹⁰  do you ask my name?” the man replied. ¹¹  Then he blessed ¹²  Jacob ¹³  there.

Genesis 32:1

Jacob Wrestles at Peniel

32:1 So Jacob went on his way and the angels of God ¹⁴  met him.

Genesis 30:6

30:6 Then Rachel said, “God has vindicated me. He has responded to my prayer ¹⁵  and given me a son.” That is why ¹⁶  she named him Dan. ¹⁷ 

Genesis 30:2

30:2 Jacob became furious ¹⁸  with Rachel and exclaimed, “Am I in the place of God, who has kept you from having children?” ¹⁹ 

Genesis 22:1

The Sacrifice of Isaac

22:1 Some time after these things God tested ²⁰  Abraham. He said to him, “Abraham!” “Here I am!” Abraham ²¹  replied.

Psalms 56:3-4

56:3 When ²²  I am afraid,

I trust in you.

56:4 In God – I boast in his promise ²³  –

in God I trust, I am not afraid.

What can mere men ²⁴  do to me? ²⁵ 

[32:11]  ¹ tn The imperative has the force of a prayer here, not a command.

[32:11]  ² tn The “hand” here is a metonymy for “power.”

[32:11]  ³ tn Heb “from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau.”

[32:11]  ⁴ tn Heb “for I am afraid of him, lest he come.”

[32:11]  ⁵ sn Heb “me, [the] mother upon [the] sons.” The first person pronoun “me” probably means here “me and mine,” as the following clause suggests.

[32:28]  ⁶ tn Heb “and he said.” The referent of the pronoun “he” (the man who wrestled with Jacob) has been specified for clarity, and the order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[32:28]  ⁷ sn The name Israel is a common construction, using a verb with a theophoric element (אֵל, ’el) that usually indicates the subject of the verb. Here it means “God fights.” This name will replace the name Jacob; it will be both a promise and a call for faith. In essence, the Lord was saying that Jacob would have victory and receive the promises because God would fight for him.

[32:28]  ⁸ sn You have fought. The explanation of the name Israel includes a sound play. In Hebrew the verb translated “you have fought” (שָׂרִיתָ, sarita) sounds like the name “Israel” (יִשְׂרָאֵל, yisra’el ), meaning “God fights” (although some interpret the meaning as “he fights [with] God”). The name would evoke the memory of the fight and what it meant. A. Dillmann says that ever after this the name would tell the Israelites that, when Jacob contended successfully with God, he won the battle with man (Genesis, 2:279). To be successful with God meant that he had to be crippled in his own self-sufficiency (A. P. Ross, “Jacob at the Jabboq, Israel at Peniel,” BSac 142 [1985]: 51-62).

[32:29]  ⁹ sn Tell me your name. In primitive thought to know the name of a deity or supernatural being would enable one to use it for magical manipulation or power (A. S. Herbert, Genesis 12-50 [TBC], 108). For a thorough structural analysis of the passage discussing the plays on the names and the request of Jacob, see R. Barthes, “The Struggle with the Angel: Textual Analysis of Genesis 32:23-33,” Structural Analysis and Biblical Exegesis (PTMS), 21-33.

[32:29]  ¹⁰ tn The question uses the enclitic pronoun “this” to emphasize the import of the question.

[32:29]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and he said, ‘Why is it that you ask my name?’” The referent of the pronoun “he” (the man who wrestled with Jacob) has been specified for clarity, and the order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[32:29]  ¹² tn The verb here means that the Lord endowed Jacob with success; he would be successful in everything he did, including meeting Esau.

[32:29]  ¹³ tn Heb “him”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[32:1]  ¹⁴ sn The phrase angels of God occurs only here and in Gen 28:12 in the OT. Jacob saw a vision of angels just before he left the promised land. Now he encounters angels as he prepares to return to it. The text does not give the details of the encounter, but Jacob’s response suggests it was amicable. This location was a spot where heaven made contact with earth, and where God made his presence known to the patriarch. See C. Houtman, “Jacob at Mahanaim: Some Remarks on Genesis XXXII 2-3,” VT 28 (1978): 37-44.

[30:6]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and also he has heard my voice.” The expression means that God responded positively to Rachel’s cry and granted her request.

[30:6]  ¹⁶ tn Or “therefore.”

[30:6]  ¹⁷ sn The name Dan means “he vindicated” or “he judged.” The name plays on the verb used in the statement which appears earlier in the verse. The verb translated “vindicated” is from דִּין (din, “to judge, to vindicate”), the same verbal root from which the name is derived. Rachel sensed that God was righting the wrong.

[30:2]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and the anger of Jacob was hot.”

[30:2]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb.”

[22:1]  ²⁰ sn The Hebrew verb used here means “to test; to try; to prove.” In this passage God tests Abraham to see if he would be obedient. See T. W. Mann, The Book of the Torah, 44-48. See also J. L. Crenshaw, A Whirlpool of Torment (OBT), 9-30; and J. I. Lawlor, “The Test of Abraham,” GTJ 1 (1980): 19-35.

[22:1]  ²¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[56:3]  ²² tn Heb “[in] a day.”

[56:4]  ²³ tn Heb “in God I boast, his word.” The syntax in the Hebrew text is difficult. (1) The line could be translated, “in God I boast, [in] his word.” Such a translation assumes that the prepositional phrase “in God” goes with the following verb “I boast” (see Ps 44:8) and that “his word” is appositional to “in God” and more specifically identifies the basis for the psalmist’s confidence. God’s “word” is here understood as an assuring promise of protection. Another option (2) is to translate, “in God I will boast [with] a word.” In this case, the “word” is a song of praise. (In this view the pronominal suffix “his” must be omitted as in v. 10.) The present translation reflects yet another option (3): In this case “I praise his word” is a parenthetical statement, with “his word” being the object of the verb. The sentence begun with the prepositional phrase “in God” is then completed in the next line, with the prepositional phrase being repeated after the parenthesis.

[56:4]  ²⁴ tn Heb “flesh,” which refers by metonymy to human beings (see v. 11, where “man” is used in this same question), envisioned here as mortal and powerless before God.

[56:4]  ²⁵ tn The rhetorical question assumes the answer, “Nothing!” The imperfect is used in a modal sense here, indicating capability or potential.