Genesis 10:14

10:14 Pathrusites, ¹  Casluhites ²  (from whom the Philistines came), ³  and Caphtorites. ⁴ 

Genesis 15:14

15:14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. ⁵  Afterward they will come out with many possessions.

Genesis 17:6

17:6 I will make you ⁶  extremely ⁷  fruitful. I will make nations of you, and kings will descend from you. ⁸ 

Genesis 8:19

8:19 Every living creature, every creeping thing, every bird, and everything that moves on the earth went out of the ark in their groups.

Genesis 35:11

35:11 Then God said to him, “I am the sovereign God. ⁹  Be fruitful and multiply! A nation – even a company of nations – will descend from you; kings will be among your descendants! ¹⁰ 

Genesis 44:4

44:4 They had not gone very far from the city ¹¹  when Joseph said ¹²  to the servant who was over his household, “Pursue the men at once! ¹³  When you overtake ¹⁴  them, say to them, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil?

[10:14]  ¹ sn The Pathrusites are known in Egyptian as P-to-reshi; they resided in Upper Egypt.

[10:14]  ² sn The Casluhites lived in Crete and eventually settled east of the Egyptian Delta, between Egypt and Canaan.

[10:14]  ³ tn Several commentators prefer to reverse the order of the words to put this clause after the next word, since the Philistines came from Crete (where the Caphtorites lived). But the table may suggest migration rather than lineage, and the Philistines, like the Israelites, came through the Nile Delta region of Egypt. For further discussion of the origin and migration of the Philistines, see D. M. Howard, “Philistines,” Peoples of the Old Testament World, 232.

[10:14]  ⁴ sn The Caphtorites resided in Crete, but in Egyptian literature Caphtor refers to “the region beyond” the Mediterranean.

[15:14]  ⁵ tn The participle דָּן (dan, from דִּין, din) is used here for the future: “I am judging” = “I will surely judge.” The judgment in this case will be condemnation and punishment. The translation “execute judgment on” implies that the judgment will certainly be carried out.

[17:6]  ⁹ tn This verb starts a series of perfect verbal forms with vav (ו) consecutive to express God’s intentions.

[17:6]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “exceedingly, exceedingly.” The repetition is emphatic.

[17:6]  ¹¹ tn Heb “and I will make you into nations, and kings will come out from you.”

[35:11]  ¹³ tn The name אֵל שַׁדַּי (’el shadday, “El Shaddai”) has often been translated “God Almighty,” primarily because Jerome translated it omnipotens (“all powerful”) in the Latin Vulgate. There has been much debate over the meaning of the name. For discussion see W. F. Albright, “The Names Shaddai and Abram,” JBL 54 (1935): 173-210; R. Gordis, “The Biblical Root sdy-sd,” JTS 41 (1940): 34-43; and especially T. N. D. Mettinger, In Search of God, 69-72. Shaddai/El Shaddai is the sovereign king of the world who grants, blesses, and judges. In the Book of Genesis he blesses the patriarchs with fertility and promises numerous descendants. Outside Genesis he both blesses/protects and takes away life/happiness. The patriarchs knew God primarily as El Shaddai (Exod 6:3). While the origin and meaning of this name are uncertain its significance is clear. The name is used in contexts where God appears as the source of fertility and life. For a fuller discussion see the note on “sovereign God” in Gen 17:1.

[35:11]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “A nation and a company of nations will be from you and kings from your loins will come out.”

[44:4]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “they left the city, they were not far,” meaning “they had not gone very far.”

[44:4]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and Joseph said.” This clause, like the first one in the verse, has the subject before the verb, indicating synchronic action.

[44:4]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “arise, chase after the men.” The first imperative gives the command a sense of urgency.

[44:4]  ²⁰ tn After the imperative this perfect verbal form with vav consecutive has the same nuance of instruction. In the translation it is subordinated to the verbal form that follows (also a perfect with vav consecutive): “and overtake them and say,” becomes “when you overtake them, say.”