Genesis 10:2-5
Context10:2 The sons of Japheth 1 were Gomer, 2 Magog, 3 Madai, 4 Javan, 5 Tubal, 6 Meshech, 7 and Tiras. 8 10:3 The sons of Gomer were 9 Askenaz, 10 Riphath, 11 and Togarmah. 12 10:4 The sons of Javan were Elishah, 13 Tarshish, 14 the Kittim, 15 and the Dodanim. 16 10:5 From these the coastlands of the nations were separated into their lands, every one according to its language, according to their families, by their nations.
[10:2] 1 sn The Greek form of the name Japheth, Iapetos, is used in Greek tradition for the ancestor of the Greeks.
[10:2] 2 sn Gomer was the ancestor of the Cimmerians. For a discussion of the Cimmerians see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 49-61.
[10:2] 3 sn For a discussion of various proposals concerning the descendants of Magog see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 22-24.
[10:2] 4 sn Madai was the ancestor of the Medes, who lived east of Assyria.
[10:2] 5 sn Javan was the father of the Hellenic race, the Ionians who lived in western Asia Minor.
[10:2] 6 sn Tubal was the ancestor of militaristic tribes that lived north of the Black Sea. For a discussion of ancient references to Tubal see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 24-26.
[10:2] 7 sn Meshech was the ancestor of the people known in Assyrian records as the Musku. For a discussion of ancient references to them see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 24-26.
[10:2] 8 sn Tiras was the ancestor of the Thracians, some of whom possibly became the Pelasgian pirates of the Aegean.
[10:3] 9 sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.
[10:3] 10 sn Askenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.
[10:3] 11 sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.
[10:3] 12 sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.
[10:4] 13 sn The descendants of Elishah populated Cyprus.
[10:4] 14 sn The descendants of Tarshish settled along the southern coast of what is modern Turkey. However, some identify the site Tarshish (see Jonah 1:3) with Sardinia or Spain.
[10:4] 15 sn The name Kittim is associated with Cyprus, as well as coastlands east of Rhodes. It is used in later texts to refer to the Romans.
[10:4] 16 tc Most of the MT