Genesis 10:21

10:21 And sons were also born ¹  to Shem (the older brother of Japheth), ²  the father of all the sons of Eber.

Genesis 22:20

22:20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah ³  also has borne children to your brother Nahor –

Genesis 24:29

24:29 (Now Rebekah had a brother named Laban.) ⁴  Laban rushed out to meet the man at the spring.

Genesis 32:3

32:3 Jacob sent messengers on ahead ⁵  to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region ⁶  of Edom.

Genesis 33:3

33:3 But Jacob ⁷  himself went on ahead of them, and he bowed toward the ground seven times as he approached ⁸  his brother.

Genesis 43:6

43:6 Israel said, “Why did you bring this trouble ⁹  on me by telling ¹⁰  the man you had one more brother?”

Genesis 44:23

44:23 But you said to your servants, ‘If your youngest brother does not come down with you, you will not see my face again.’

Genesis 45:12

45:12 You and my brother Benjamin can certainly see with your own eyes that I really am the one who speaks to you. ¹¹ 

[10:21]  ¹ tn Heb “And to Shem was born.”

[10:21]  ² tn Or “whose older brother was Japheth.” Some translations render Japheth as the older brother, understanding the adjective הַגָּדוֹל (haggadol, “older”) as modifying Japheth. However, in Hebrew when a masculine singular definite attributive adjective follows the sequence masculine singular construct noun + proper name, the adjective invariably modifies the noun in construct, not the proper name. Such is the case here. See Deut 11:7; Judg 1:13; 2:7; 3:9; 9:5; 2 Kgs 15:35; 2 Chr 27:3; Neh 3:30; Jer 13:9; 36:10; Ezek 10:19; 11:1.

[22:20]  ³ tn In the Hebrew text the sentence begins with הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”) which draws attention to the statement.

[24:29]  ⁵ tn The parenthetical disjunctive clause introduces the audience to Laban, who will eventually play an important role in the unfolding story.

[32:3]  ⁷ tn Heb “before him.”

[32:3]  ⁸ tn Heb “field.”

[33:3]  ⁹ tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Jacob) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[33:3]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “until his drawing near unto his brother.” The construction uses the preposition with the infinitive construct to express a temporal clause.

[43:6]  ¹¹ tn The verb may even have a moral connotation here, “Why did you do evil to me?”

[43:6]  ¹² tn The infinitive construct here explains how they brought trouble on Jacob.

[45:12]  ¹³ tn Heb “And, look, your eyes see and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that my mouth is the one speaking to you.”