Genesis 10:3-4

10:3 The sons of Gomer were ¹  Askenaz, ²  Riphath, ³  and Togarmah. ⁴  10:4 The sons of Javan were Elishah, ⁵  Tarshish, ⁶  the Kittim, ⁷  and the Dodanim. ⁸ 

Genesis 10:6

10:6 The sons of Ham were Cush, ⁹  Mizraim, ¹⁰  Put, ¹¹  and Canaan. ¹² 

Genesis 10:23

10:23 The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. ¹³ 

Genesis 35:25

35:25 The sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, were Dan and Naphtali.

Genesis 46:9

46:9 The sons of Reuben:

Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi.

Genesis 46:11

46:11 The sons of Levi:

Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.

Genesis 46:13-14

46:13 The sons of Issachar:

Tola, Puah, ¹⁴  Jashub, ¹⁵  and Shimron.

46:14 The sons of Zebulun:

Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.

Genesis 46:24

46:24 The sons of Naphtali:

Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem.

[10:3]  ¹ sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.

[10:3]  ² sn Askenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.

[10:3]  ³ sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.

[10:3]  ⁴ sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.

[10:4]  ⁵ sn The descendants of Elishah populated Cyprus.

[10:4]  ⁶ sn The descendants of Tarshish settled along the southern coast of what is modern Turkey. However, some identify the site Tarshish (see Jonah 1:3) with Sardinia or Spain.

[10:4]  ⁷ sn The name Kittim is associated with Cyprus, as well as coastlands east of Rhodes. It is used in later texts to refer to the Romans.

[10:4]  ⁸ tc Most of the MT mss read “Dodanim” here, but 1 Chr 1:7 has “Rodanim,” perhaps referring to the island of Rhodes. But the Qere reading in 1 Chr 1:7 suggests “Dodanim.” Dodona is one of the most ancient and revered spots in ancient Greece.

[10:6]  ⁹ sn The descendants of Cush settled in Nubia (Ethiopia).

[10:6]  ¹⁰ sn The descendants of Mizraim settled in Upper and Lower Egypt.

[10:6]  ¹¹ sn The descendants of Put settled in Libya.

[10:6]  ¹² sn The descendants of Canaan lived in the region of Phoenicia (Palestine).

[10:23]  ¹³ tc The MT reads “Mash”; the LXX and 1 Chr 1:17 read “Meshech.”

[46:13]  ¹⁷ tc The MT reads “Puvah” (cf. Num 26:23); the Samaritan Pentateuch and Syriac read “Puah” (cf. 1 Chr 7:1).

[46:13]  ¹⁸ tc The MT reads “Iob,” but the Samaritan Pentateuch and some LXX mss read “Jashub” (see Num 26:24; 1 Chr 7:1).