Genesis 11:29

11:29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai, ¹  and the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; ²  she was the daughter of Haran, the father of both Milcah and Iscah.

Genesis 19:12

19:12 Then the two visitors ³  said to Lot, “Who else do you have here? ⁴  Do you have ⁵  any sons-in-law, sons, daughters, or other relatives in the city? ⁶  Get them out of this ⁷  place

Genesis 19:15-16

19:15 At dawn ⁸  the angels hurried Lot along, saying, “Get going! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, ⁹  or else you will be destroyed when the city is judged!” ¹⁰  19:16 When Lot ¹¹  hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the Lord had compassion on them. ¹²  They led them away and placed them ¹³  outside the city.

Genesis 31:41

31:41 This was my lot ¹⁴  for twenty years in your house: I worked like a slave ¹⁵  for you – fourteen years for your two daughters and six years for your flocks, but you changed my wages ten times!

Genesis 41:45

41:45 Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah. ¹⁶  He also gave him Asenath ¹⁷  daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, ¹⁸  to be his wife. So Joseph took charge of ¹⁹  all the land of Egypt.

[11:29]  ¹ sn The name Sarai (a variant spelling of “Sarah”) means “princess” (or “lady”). Sharratu was the name of the wife of the moon god Sin. The original name may reflect the culture out of which the patriarch was called, for the family did worship other gods in Mesopotamia.

[11:29]  ² sn The name Milcah means “Queen.” But more to the point here is the fact that Malkatu was a title for Ishtar, the daughter of the moon god. If the women were named after such titles (and there is no evidence that this was the motivation for naming the girls “Princess” or “Queen”), that would not necessarily imply anything about the faith of the two women themselves.

[19:12]  ³ tn Heb “the men,” referring to the angels inside Lot’s house. The word “visitors” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[19:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “Yet who [is there] to you here?”

[19:12]  ⁵ tn The words “Do you have” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[19:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “a son-in-law and your sons and your daughters and anyone who (is) to you in the city.”

[19:12]  ⁷ tn Heb “the place.” The Hebrew article serves here as a demonstrative.

[19:15]  ⁵ tn Heb “When dawn came up.”

[19:15]  ⁶ tn Heb “who are found.” The wording might imply he had other daughters living in the city, but the text does not explicitly state this.

[19:15]  ⁷ tn Or “with the iniquity [i.e., punishment] of the city” (cf. NASB, NRSV).

[19:16]  ⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Lot) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:16]  ⁸ tn Heb “in the compassion of the Lord to them.”

[19:16]  ⁹ tn Heb “brought him out and placed him.” The third masculine singular suffixes refer specifically to Lot, though his wife and daughters accompanied him (see v. 17). For stylistic reasons these have been translated as plural pronouns (“them”).

[31:41]  ⁹ tn Heb “this to me.”

[31:41]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “served you,” but in this accusatory context the meaning is more “worked like a slave.”

[41:45]  ¹¹ sn The meaning of Joseph’s Egyptian name, Zaphenath-Paneah, is uncertain. Many recent commentators have followed the proposal of G. Steindorff that it means “the god has said, ‘he will live’” (“Der Name Josephs Saphenat-Pa‘neach,” ZÄS 31 [1889]: 41-42); others have suggested “the god speaks and lives” (see BDB 861 s.v. צָפְנָת פַּעְנֵחַ); “the man he knows” (J. Vergote, Joseph en Égypte, 145); or “Joseph [who is called] áIp-àankh” (K. A. Kitchen, NBD³ 1262).

[41:45]  ¹² sn The name Asenath may mean “she belongs to the goddess Neit” (see HALOT 74 s.v. אָֽסְנַת). A novel was written at the beginning of the first century entitled Joseph and Asenath, which included a legendary account of the conversion of Asenath to Joseph’s faith in Yahweh. However, all that can be determined from this chapter is that their children received Hebrew names. See also V. Aptowitzer, “Asenath, the Wife of Joseph – a Haggadic Literary-Historical Study,” HUCA 1 (1924): 239-306.

[41:45]  ¹³ sn On (also in v. 50) is another name for the city of Heliopolis.

[41:45]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and he passed through.”