Genesis 18:3-11

18:3 He said, “My lord, ¹  if I have found favor in your sight, do not pass by and leave your servant. ²  18:4 Let a little water be brought so that ³  you may all ⁴  wash your feet and rest under the tree. 18:5 And let me get ⁵  a bit of food ⁶  so that you may refresh yourselves ⁷  since you have passed by your servant’s home. After that you may be on your way.” ⁸  “All right,” they replied, “you may do as you say.”

18:6 So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Take ⁹  three measures ¹⁰  of fine flour, knead it, and make bread.” ¹¹  18:7 Then Abraham ran to the herd and chose a fine, tender calf, and gave it to a servant, ¹²  who quickly prepared it. ¹³  18:8 Abraham ¹⁴  then took some curds and milk, along with the calf that had been prepared, and placed the food ¹⁵  before them. They ate while ¹⁶  he was standing near them under a tree.

18:9 Then they asked him, “Where is Sarah your wife?” He replied, “There, ¹⁷  in the tent.” 18:10 One of them ¹⁸  said, “I will surely return ¹⁹  to you when the season comes round again, ²⁰  and your wife Sarah will have a son!” ²¹  (Now Sarah was listening at the entrance to the tent, not far behind him. ²²  18:11 Abraham and Sarah were old and advancing in years; ²³  Sarah had long since passed menopause.) ²⁴ 

[18:3]  ¹ tc The MT has the form אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “Master”) which is reserved for God. This may reflect later scribal activity. The scribes, knowing it was the Lord, may have put the proper pointing with the word instead of the more common אֲדֹנִי (’adoni, “my master”).

[18:3]  ² tn Heb “do not pass by from upon your servant.”

[18:4]  ³ tn The imperative after the jussive indicates purpose here.

[18:4]  ⁴ tn The word “all” has been supplied in the translation because the Hebrew verb translated “wash” and the pronominal suffix on the word “feet” are plural, referring to all three of the visitors.

[18:5]  ⁵ tn The Qal cohortative here probably has the nuance of polite request.

[18:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “a piece of bread.” The Hebrew word לֶחֶם (lekhem) can refer either to bread specifically or to food in general. Based on Abraham’s directions to Sarah in v. 6, bread was certainly involved, but v. 7 indicates that Abraham had a more elaborate meal in mind.

[18:5]  ⁷ tn Heb “strengthen your heart.” The imperative after the cohortative indicates purpose here.

[18:5]  ⁸ tn Heb “so that you may refresh yourselves, after [which] you may be on your way – for therefore you passed by near your servant.”

[18:6]  ⁹ tn The word “take” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text the sentence lacks a verb other than the imperative “hurry.” The elliptical structure of the language reflects Abraham’s haste to get things ready quickly.

[18:6]  ¹⁰ sn Three measures (Heb “three seahs”) was equivalent to about twenty quarts (twenty-two liters) of flour, which would make a lot of bread. The animal prepared for the meal was far more than the three visitors needed. This was a banquet for royalty. Either it had been a lonely time for Abraham and the presence of visitors made him very happy, or he sensed this was a momentous visit.

[18:6]  ¹¹ sn The bread was the simple, round bread made by bedouins that is normally prepared quickly for visitors.

[18:7]  ¹² tn Heb “the young man.”

[18:7]  ¹³ tn The construction uses the Piel preterite, “he hurried,” followed by the infinitive construct; the two probably form a verbal hendiadys: “he quickly prepared.”

[18:8]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:8]  ¹⁵ tn The words “the food” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text the verb has no stated object.

[18:8]  ¹⁶ tn The disjunctive clause is a temporal circumstantial clause subordinate to the main verb.

[18:9]  ¹⁷ tn The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) often accompanies a gesture of pointing or a focused gaze.

[18:10]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “he”; the referent (one of the three men introduced in v. 2) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Some English translations have specified the referent as the Lord (cf. RSV, NIV) based on vv. 1, 13, but the Hebrew text merely has “he said” at this point, referring to one of the three visitors. Aside from the introductory statement in v. 1, the incident is narrated from Abraham’s point of view, and the suspense is built up for the reader as Abraham’s elaborate banquet preparations in the preceding verses suggest he suspects these are important guests. But not until the promise of a son later in this verse does it become clear who is speaking. In v. 13 the Hebrew text explicitly mentions the Lord.

[18:10]  ¹⁹ tn The Hebrew construction is emphatic, using the infinitive absolute with the imperfect tense.

[18:10]  ²⁰ tn Heb “as/when the time lives” or “revives,” possibly referring to the springtime.

[18:10]  ²¹ tn Heb “and there will be (הִנֵּה, hinneh) a son for Sarah.”

[18:10]  ²² tn This is the first of two disjunctive parenthetical clauses preparing the reader for Sarah’s response (see v. 12).

[18:11]  ²³ tn Heb “days.”

[18:11]  ²⁴ tn Heb “it had ceased to be for Sarah [after] a way like women.”