Genesis 19:12

19:12 Then the two visitors ¹  said to Lot, “Who else do you have here? ²  Do you have ³  any sons-in-law, sons, daughters, or other relatives in the city? ⁴  Get them out of this ⁵  place

Genesis 37:28

37:28 So when the Midianite ⁶  merchants passed by, Joseph’s brothers pulled ⁷  him ⁸  out of the cistern and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The Ishmaelites ⁹  then took Joseph to Egypt.

Genesis 38:29

38:29 But then he drew back his hand, and his brother came out before him. ¹⁰  She said, “How you have broken out of the womb!” ¹¹  So he was named Perez. ¹² 

Genesis 43:23

43:23 “Everything is fine,” ¹³  the man in charge of Joseph’s household told them. “Don’t be afraid. Your God and the God of your father has given you treasure in your sacks. ¹⁴  I had your money.” ¹⁵  Then he brought Simeon out to them.

Genesis 48:14

48:14 Israel stretched out his right hand and placed it on Ephraim’s head, although he was the younger. ¹⁶  Crossing his hands, he put his left hand on Manasseh’s head, for Manasseh was the firstborn.

[19:12]  ¹ tn Heb “the men,” referring to the angels inside Lot’s house. The word “visitors” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[19:12]  ² tn Heb “Yet who [is there] to you here?”

[19:12]  ³ tn The words “Do you have” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[19:12]  ⁴ tn Heb “a son-in-law and your sons and your daughters and anyone who (is) to you in the city.”

[19:12]  ⁵ tn Heb “the place.” The Hebrew article serves here as a demonstrative.

[37:28]  ⁶ sn On the close relationship between Ishmaelites (v. 25) and Midianites, see Judg 8:24.

[37:28]  ⁷ tn Heb “they drew and they lifted up.” The referent (Joseph’s brothers) has been specified in the translation for clarity; otherwise the reader might assume the Midianites had pulled Joseph from the cistern (but cf. NAB).

[37:28]  ⁸ tn Heb “Joseph” (both here and in the following clause); the proper name has been replaced both times by the pronoun “him” in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[37:28]  ⁹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Ishmaelites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[38:29]  ¹¹ tn Heb “Look, his brother came out.” By the use of the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), the narrator invites the reader to view the scene through the midwife’s eyes. The words “before him” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[38:29]  ¹² tn Heb “How you have made a breach for yourself!” The Hebrew verb translated “make a breach” frequently occurs, as here, with a cognate accusative. The event provided the meaningful name Perez, “he who breaks through.”

[38:29]  ¹³ sn The name Perez means “he who breaks through,” referring to Perez reaching out his hand at birth before his brother was born. The naming signified the completion of Tamar’s struggle and also depicted the destiny of the tribe of Perez who later became dominant (Gen 46:12 and Num 26:20). Judah and his brothers had sold Joseph into slavery, thinking they could thwart God’s plan that the elder brothers should serve the younger. God demonstrated that principle through these births in Judah’s own family, affirming that the elder will serve the younger, and that Joseph’s leadership could not so easily be set aside. See J. Goldin, “The Youngest Son; or, Where Does Genesis 38 Belong?” JBL 96 (1977): 27-44.

[43:23]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and he said, ‘peace to you.’” Here the statement has the force of “everything is fine,” or perhaps even “calm down.” The referent of “he” (the man in charge of Joseph’ household) has been specified in the translation for clarity, and the order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged for stylistic reasons.

[43:23]  ¹⁷ sn Your God and the God of your father…This is the first clear reference in the story to the theme of divine providence – that God works through the human actions to do his will.

[43:23]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “your money came to me.”

[48:14]  ²¹ tn The disjunctive clause is circumstantial-concessive here.