Genesis 19:19

19:19 Your ¹  servant has found favor with you, ²  and you have shown me great ³  kindness ⁴  by sparing ⁵  my life. But I am not able to escape to the mountains because ⁶  this disaster will overtake ⁷  me and I’ll die. ⁸ 

Genesis 31:35

31:35 Rachel ⁹  said to her father, “Don’t be angry, ¹⁰  my lord. I cannot stand up ¹¹  in your presence because I am having my period.” ¹²  So he searched thoroughly, ¹³  but did not find the idols.

Genesis 44:16

44:16 Judah replied, “What can we say ¹⁴  to my lord? What can we speak? How can we clear ourselves? ¹⁵  God has exposed the sin of your servants! ¹⁶  We are now my lord’s slaves, we and the one in whose possession the cup was found.”

[19:19]  ¹ tn The second person pronominal suffixes are singular in this verse (note “your eyes,” “you have made great,” and “you have acted”). Verse 18a seems to indicate that Lot is addressing the angels, but the use of the singular and the appearance of the divine title “Lord” (אֲדֹנָי, ’adonay) in v. 18b suggests he is speaking to God.

[19:19]  ² tn Heb “in your eyes.”

[19:19]  ³ tn Heb “you made great your kindness.”

[19:19]  ⁴ sn The Hebrew word חֶסֶד (khesed) can refer to “faithful love” or to “kindness,” depending on the context. The precise nuance here is uncertain.

[19:19]  ⁵ tn The infinitive construct explains how God has shown Lot kindness.

[19:19]  ⁶ tn Heb “lest.”

[19:19]  ⁷ tn The Hebrew verb דָּבַק (davaq) normally means “to stick to, to cleave, to join.” Lot is afraid he cannot outrun the coming calamity.

[19:19]  ⁸ tn The perfect verb form with vav consecutive carries the nuance of the imperfect verbal form before it.

[31:35]  ⁹ tn Heb “she”; the referent (Rachel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[31:35]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “let it not be hot in the eyes of my lord.” This idiom refers to anger, in this case as a result of Rachel’s failure to stand in the presence of her father as a sign of respect.

[31:35]  ¹¹ tn Heb “I am unable to rise.”

[31:35]  ¹² tn Heb “the way of women is to me.” This idiom refers to a woman’s menstrual period.

[31:35]  ¹³ tn The word “thoroughly” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

[44:16]  ¹⁷ tn The imperfect verbal form here indicates the subject’s potential.

[44:16]  ¹⁸ tn The Hitpael form of the verb צָדֵק (tsadeq) here means “to prove ourselves just, to declare ourselves righteous, to prove our innocence.”

[44:16]  ¹⁹ sn God has exposed the sin of your servants. The first three questions are rhetorical; Judah is stating that there is nothing they can say to clear themselves. He therefore must conclude that they have been found guilty.