Discovery BoxGenesis 26:8-35
Context26:8 After Isaac 1 had been there a long time, 2 Abimelech king of the Philistines happened to look out a window and observed 3 Isaac caressing 4 his wife Rebekah. 26:9 So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is really 5 your wife! Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “Because I thought someone might kill me to get her.” 6
26:10 Then Abimelech exclaimed, “What in the world have you done to us? 7 One of the men 8 might easily have had sexual relations with 9 your wife, and you would have brought guilt on us!” 26:11 So Abimelech commanded all the people, “Whoever touches 10 this man or his wife will surely be put to death.” 11
26:12 When Isaac planted in that land, he reaped in the same year a hundred times what he had sown, 12 because the Lord blessed him. 13 26:13 The man became wealthy. 14 His influence continued to grow 15 until he became very prominent. 26:14 He had 16 so many sheep 17 and cattle 18 and such a great household of servants that the Philistines became jealous 19 of him. 26:15 So the Philistines took dirt and filled up 20 all the wells that his father’s servants had dug back in the days of his father Abraham.
26:16 Then Abimelech said to Isaac, “Leave us and go elsewhere, 21 for you have become much more powerful 22 than we are.” 26:17 So Isaac left there and settled in the Gerar Valley. 23 26:18 Isaac reopened 24 the wells that had been dug 25 back in the days of his father Abraham, for the Philistines had stopped them up 26 after Abraham died. Isaac 27 gave these wells 28 the same names his father had given them. 29
26:19 When Isaac’s servants dug in the valley and discovered a well with fresh flowing 30 water there, 26:20 the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled 31 with Isaac’s herdsmen, saying, “The water belongs to us!” So Isaac 32 named the well 33 Esek 34 because they argued with him about it. 35 26:21 His servants 36 dug another well, but they quarreled over it too, so Isaac named it 37 Sitnah. 38 26:22 Then he moved away from there and dug another well. They did not quarrel over it, so Isaac 39 named it 40 Rehoboth, 41 saying, “For now the Lord has made room for us, and we will prosper in the land.”
26:23 From there Isaac 42 went up to Beer Sheba. 26:24 The Lord appeared to him that night and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham. Do not be afraid, for I am with you. I will bless you and multiply your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham.” 26:25 Then Isaac built an altar there and worshiped 43 the Lord. He pitched his tent there, and his servants dug a well. 44
26:26 Now Abimelech had come 45 to him from Gerar along with 46 Ahuzzah his friend 47 and Phicol the commander of his army. 26:27 Isaac asked them, “Why have you come to me? You hate me 48 and sent me away from you.” 26:28 They replied, “We could plainly see 49 that the Lord is with you. So we decided there should be 50 a pact between us 51 – between us 52 and you. Allow us to make 53 a treaty with you 26:29 so that 54 you will not do us any harm, just as we have not harmed 55 you, but have always treated you well 56 before sending you away 57 in peace. Now you are blessed by the Lord.” 58
26:30 So Isaac 59 held a feast for them and they celebrated. 60 26:31 Early in the morning the men made a treaty with each other. 61 Isaac sent them off; they separated on good terms. 62
26:32 That day Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug. “We’ve found water,” they reported. 63 26:33 So he named it Shibah; 64 that is why the name of the city has been Beer Sheba 65 to this day.
26:34 When 66 Esau was forty years old, 67 he married 68 Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, as well as Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite. 26:35 They caused Isaac and Rebekah great anxiety. 69
[26:8] 1 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:8] 2 tn Heb “and it happened when the days were long to him there.”
[26:8] 3 tn Heb “look, Isaac.” By the use of the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), the narrator invites the audience to view the scene through Abimelech’s eyes.
[26:9] 5 tn Heb “Surely, look!” See N. H. Snaith, “The meaning of Hebrew ‘ak,” VT 14 (1964): 221-25.
[26:9] 6 tn Heb “Because I said, ‘Lest I die on account of her.’” Since the verb “said” probably means “said to myself” (i.e., “thought”) here, the direct discourse in the Hebrew statement has been converted to indirect discourse in the translation. In addition the simple prepositional phrase “on account of her” has been clarified in the translation as “to get her” (cf. v. 7).
[26:10] 7 tn Heb “What is this you have done to us?” The Hebrew demonstrative pronoun “this” adds emphasis: “What in the world have you done to us?” (R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 24, §118).
[26:10] 9 tn The Hebrew verb means “to lie down.” Here the expression “lie with” or “sleep with” is euphemistic for “have sexual relations with.”
[26:11] 10 tn Heb “strikes.” Here the verb has the nuance “to harm in any way.” It would include assaulting the woman or killing the man.
[26:11] 11 tn The use of the infinitive absolute before the imperfect makes the construction emphatic.
[26:12] 12 tn Heb “a hundredfold.”
[26:12] 13 tn This final clause explains why Isaac had such a bountiful harvest.
[26:13] 14 tn Heb “great.” In this context the statement refers primarily to Isaac’s material wealth, although reputation and influence are included.
[26:13] 15 tn Heb “and he went, going and becoming great.” The construction stresses that his growth in possessions and power continued steadily.
[26:14] 16 tn Heb “and there was to him.”
[26:14] 17 tn Heb “possessions of sheep.”
[26:14] 18 tn Heb “possessions of cattle.”
[26:14] 19 tn The Hebrew verb translated “became jealous” refers here to intense jealousy or envy that leads to hostile action (see v. 15).
[26:15] 20 tn Heb “and the Philistines stopped them up and filled them with dirt.”
[26:16] 21 tn Heb “Go away from us.”
[26:16] 22 sn You have become much more powerful. This explanation for the expulsion of Isaac from Philistine territory foreshadows the words used later by the Egyptians to justify their oppression of Israel (see Exod 1:9).
[26:17] 23 tn Heb “and he camped in the valley of Gerar and he lived there.”
[26:18] 24 tn Heb “he returned and dug,” meaning “he dug again” or “he reopened.”
[26:18] 25 tn Heb “that they dug.” Since the subject is indefinite, the verb is translated as passive.
[26:18] 26 tn Heb “and the Philistines had stopped them up.” This clause explains why Isaac had to reopen them.
[26:18] 27 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:18] 28 tn Heb “them”; the referent (the wells) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:18] 29 tn Heb “called names to them according to the names that his father called them.”
[26:19] 30 tn Heb “living.” This expression refers to a well supplied by subterranean streams (see Song 4:15).
[26:20] 31 tn The Hebrew verb translated “quarreled” describes a conflict that often has legal ramifications.
[26:20] 32 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:20] 33 tn Heb “and he called the name of the well.”
[26:20] 34 sn The name Esek means “argument” in Hebrew. The following causal clause explains that Isaac gave the well this name as a reminder of the conflict its discovery had created. In the Hebrew text there is a wordplay, for the name is derived from the verb translated “argued.”
[26:20] 35 tn The words “about it” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:21] 36 tn Heb “they”; the referent (Isaac’s servants) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:21] 37 tn Heb “and he called its name.” The referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:21] 38 sn The name Sitnah (שִׂטְנָה, sitnah) is derived from a Hebrew verbal root meaning “to oppose; to be an adversary” (cf. Job 1:6). The name was a reminder that the digging of this well caused “opposition” from the Philistines.
[26:22] 39 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:22] 40 tn Heb “and he called its name.”
[26:22] 41 sn The name Rehoboth (רְהֹבוֹת, rehovot) is derived from a verbal root meaning “to make room.” The name was a reminder that God had made room for them. The story shows Isaac’s patience with the opposition; it also shows how God’s blessing outdistanced the men of Gerar. They could not stop it or seize it any longer.
[26:23] 42 tn Heb “and he went up from there”; the referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:25] 43 tn Heb “called in the name of.” The expression refers to worshiping the
[26:25] 44 tn Heb “and they dug there, the servants of Isaac, a well.”
[26:26] 45 tn The disjunctive clause supplies pertinent supplemental information. The past perfect is used because the following narrative records the treaty at Beer Sheba. Prior to this we are told that Isaac settled in Beer Sheba; presumably this treaty would have allowed him to do that. However, it may be that he settled there and then made the treaty by which he renamed the place Beer Sheba. In this case one may translate “Now Abimelech came to him.”
[26:26] 47 tn Many modern translations render the Hebrew term מֵרֵעַ (merea’) as “councillor” or “adviser,” but the term may not designate an official position but simply a close personal friend.
[26:27] 48 tn The disjunctive clause is circumstantial, expressing the reason for his question.
[26:28] 49 tn The infinitive absolute before the verb emphasizes the clarity of their perception.
[26:28] 50 tn Heb “And we said, ‘Let there be.’” The direct discourse in the Hebrew text has been rendered as indirect discourse in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:28] 51 tn The pronoun “us” here is inclusive – it refers to the Philistine contingent on the one hand and Isaac on the other.
[26:28] 52 tn The pronoun “us” here is exclusive – it refers to just the Philistine contingent (the following “you” refers to Isaac).
[26:28] 53 tn The translation assumes that the cohortative expresses their request. Another option is to understand the cohortative as indicating resolve: “We want to make.’”
[26:29] 54 tn The oath formula is used: “if you do us harm” means “so that you will not do.”
[26:29] 56 tn Heb “and just as we have done only good with you.”
[26:29] 57 tn Heb “and we sent you away.”
[26:29] 58 tn The Philistine leaders are making an observation, not pronouncing a blessing, so the translation reads “you are blessed” rather than “may you be blessed” (cf. NAB).
[26:30] 59 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (Isaac) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[26:30] 60 tn Heb “and they ate and drank.”
[26:31] 61 tn Heb “and they got up early and they swore an oath, a man to his brother.”
[26:31] 62 tn Heb “and they went from him in peace.”
[26:32] 63 tn Heb “and they said to him, ‘We have found water.’” The order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[26:33] 64 sn The name Shibah (שִׁבְעָה, shiv’ah) means (or at least sounds like) the word meaning “oath.” The name was a reminder of the oath sworn by Isaac and the Philistines to solidify their treaty.
[26:33] 65 sn The name Beer Sheba (בְּאֵר שָׁבַע, bÿ’er shava’) means “well of an oath” or “well of seven.” According to Gen 21:31 Abraham gave Beer Sheba its name when he made a treaty with the Philistines. Because of the parallels between this earlier story and the account in 26:26-33, some scholars see chaps. 21 and 26 as two versions (or doublets) of one original story. However, if one takes the text as it stands, it appears that Isaac made a later treaty agreement with the people of the land that was similar to his father’s. Abraham dug a well at the site and named the place Beer Sheba; Isaac dug another well there and named the well Shibah. Later generations then associated the name Beer Sheba with Isaac, even though Abraham gave the place its name at an earlier time.
[26:34] 66 tn The sentence begins with the temporal indicator (“and it happened”), making this clause subordinate to the next.
[26:34] 67 tn Heb “the son of forty years.”
[26:34] 68 tn Heb “took as a wife.”
[26:35] 69 tn Heb “And they were [a source of ] bitterness in spirit to Isaac and to Rebekah.”
