Genesis 32:1

Jacob Wrestles at Peniel

32:1 So Jacob went on his way and the angels of God ¹  met him.

Genesis 8:1-22

8:1 But God remembered ²  Noah and all the wild animals and domestic animals that were with him in the ark. God caused a wind to blow over ³  the earth and the waters receded. 8:2 The fountains of the deep and the floodgates of heaven were closed, ⁴  and the rain stopped falling from the sky. 8:3 The waters kept receding steadily ⁵  from the earth, so that they ⁶  had gone down ⁷  by the end of the 150 days. 8:4 On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on one of the mountains of Ararat. ⁸  8:5 The waters kept on receding ⁹  until the tenth month. On the first day of the tenth month, the tops of the mountains became visible. ¹⁰ 

8:6 At the end of forty days, ¹¹  Noah opened the window he had made in the ark ¹²  8:7 and sent out a raven; it kept flying ¹³  back and forth until the waters had dried up on the earth.

8:8 Then Noah ¹⁴  sent out a dove ¹⁵  to see if the waters had receded ¹⁶  from the surface of the ground. 8:9 The dove could not find a resting place for its feet because water still covered ¹⁷  the surface of the entire earth, and so it returned to Noah ¹⁸  in the ark. He stretched out his hand, took the dove, ¹⁹  and brought it back into the ark. ²⁰  8:10 He waited seven more days and then sent out the dove again from the ark. 8:11 When ²¹  the dove returned to him in the evening, there was ²²  a freshly plucked olive leaf in its beak! Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth. 8:12 He waited another seven days and sent the dove out again, ²³  but it did not return to him this time. ²⁴ 

8:13 In Noah’s six hundred and first year, ²⁵  in the first day of the first month, the waters had dried up from the earth, and Noah removed the covering from the ark and saw that ²⁶  the surface of the ground was dry. 8:14 And by the twenty-seventh day of the second month the earth ²⁷  was dry.

8:15 Then God spoke to Noah and said, 8:16 “Come out of the ark, you, your wife, your sons, and your sons’ wives with you. 8:17 Bring out with you all the living creatures that are with you. Bring out ²⁸  every living thing, including the birds, animals, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. Let them increase ²⁹  and be fruitful and multiply on the earth!” ³⁰ 

8:18 Noah went out along with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives. 8:19 Every living creature, every creeping thing, every bird, and everything that moves on the earth went out of the ark in their groups.

8:20 Noah built an altar to the Lord. He then took some of every kind of clean animal and clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar. ³¹  8:21 And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma ³²  and said ³³  to himself, ³⁴  “I will never again curse ³⁵  the ground because of humankind, even though ³⁶  the inclination of their minds ³⁷  is evil from childhood on. ³⁸  I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done.

8:22 “While the earth continues to exist, ³⁹ 

planting time ⁴⁰  and harvest,

cold and heat,

summer and winter,

and day and night will not cease.”

[32:1]  ¹ sn The phrase angels of God occurs only here and in Gen 28:12 in the OT. Jacob saw a vision of angels just before he left the promised land. Now he encounters angels as he prepares to return to it. The text does not give the details of the encounter, but Jacob’s response suggests it was amicable. This location was a spot where heaven made contact with earth, and where God made his presence known to the patriarch. See C. Houtman, “Jacob at Mahanaim: Some Remarks on Genesis XXXII 2-3,” VT 28 (1978): 37-44.

[8:1]  ² tn The Hebrew word translated “remembered” often carries the sense of acting in accordance with what is remembered, i.e., fulfilling covenant promises (see B. S. Childs, Memory and Tradition in Israel [SBT], especially p. 34).

[8:1]  ³ tn Heb “to pass over.”

[8:2]  ³ tn Some (e.g., NIV) translate the preterite verb forms in this verse as past perfects (e.g., “had been closed”), for it seems likely that the sources of the water would have stopped before the waters receded.

[8:3]  ⁴ tn The construction combines a Qal preterite from שׁוּב (shuv) with its infinitive absolute to indicate continuous action. The infinitive absolute from הָלָךְ (halakh) is included for emphasis: “the waters returned…going and returning.”

[8:3]  ⁵ tn Heb “the waters.” The pronoun (“they”) has been employed in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[8:3]  ⁶ tn The vav (ו) consecutive with the preterite here describes the consequence of the preceding action.

[8:4]  ⁵ tn Heb “on the mountains of Ararat.” Obviously a boat (even one as large as the ark) cannot rest on multiple mountains. Perhaps (1) the preposition should be translated “among,” or (2) the plural “mountains” should be understood in the sense of “mountain range” (see E. A. Speiser, Genesis [AB], 53). A more probable option (3) is that the plural indicates an indefinite singular, translated “one of the mountains” (see GKC 400 §124.o).

[8:5]  ⁶ tn Heb “the waters were going and lessening.” The perfect verb form הָיָה (hayah) is used as an auxiliary verb with the infinitive absolute חָסוֹר (khasor, “lessening”), while the infinitive absolute הָלוֹךְ (halokh) indicates continuous action.

[8:5]  ⁷ tn Or “could be seen.”

[8:6]  ⁷ tn The introductory verbal form וַיְהִי (vayÿhi), traditionally rendered “and it came to pass,” serves as a temporal indicator and has not been translated here.

[8:6]  ⁸ tn Heb “opened the window in the ark which he had made.” The perfect tense (“had made”) refers to action preceding the opening of the window, and is therefore rendered as a past perfect. Since in English “had made” could refer to either the ark or the window, the order of the phrases was reversed in the translation to clarify that the window is the referent.

[8:7]  ⁸ tn Heb “and it went out, going out and returning.” The Hebrew verb יָצָא (yatsa’), translated here “flying,” is modified by two infinitives absolute indicating that the raven went back and forth.

[8:8]  ⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Noah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:8]  ¹⁰ tn The Hebrew text adds “from him.” This has not been translated for stylistic reasons, because it is redundant in English.

[8:8]  ¹¹ tn The Hebrew verb קָלָל (qalal) normally means “to be light, to be slight”; it refers here to the waters receding.

[8:9]  ¹⁰ tn The words “still covered” is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[8:9]  ¹¹ tn Heb “him”; the referent (Noah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:9]  ¹² tn Heb “it”; the referent (the dove) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[8:9]  ¹³ tn Heb “and he brought it to himself to the ark.”

[8:11]  ¹¹ tn The clause introduced by vav (ו) consecutive is translated as a temporal clause subordinated to the following clause.

[8:11]  ¹² tn The deictic particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) draws attention to the olive leaf. It invites readers to enter into the story, as it were, and look at the olive leaf with their own eyes.

[8:12]  ¹² tn The word “again” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[8:12]  ¹³ tn Heb “it did not again return to him still.” For a study of this section of the flood narrative, see W. O. E. Oesterley, “The Dove with the Olive Leaf (Gen VIII 8–11),” ExpTim 18 (1906/07): 377-78.

[8:13]  ¹³ tn Heb In the six hundred and first year.” Since this refers to the six hundred and first year of Noah’s life, the word “Noah’s” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[8:13]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and saw and look.” As in v. 11, the deictic particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) invites readers to enter into the story, as it were, and look at the dry ground with their own eyes.

[8:14]  ¹⁴ tn In v. 13 the ground (הָאֲדָמָה, ha’adamah) is dry; now the earth (הָאָרֶץ, ha’arets) is dry.

[8:17]  ¹⁵ tn The words “bring out” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[8:17]  ¹⁶ tn Following the Hiphil imperative, “bring out,” the three perfect verb forms with vav (ו) consecutive carry an imperatival nuance. For a discussion of the Hebrew construction here and the difficulty of translating it into English, see S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, 124-25.

[8:17]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “and let them swarm in the earth and be fruitful and multiply on the earth.”

[8:20]  ¹⁶ sn Offered burnt offerings on the altar. F. D. Maurice includes a chapter on the sacrifice of Noah in The Doctrine of Sacrifice. The whole burnt offering, according to Leviticus 1, represented the worshiper’s complete surrender and dedication to the Lord. After the flood Noah could see that God was not only a God of wrath, but a God of redemption and restoration. The one who escaped the catastrophe could best express his gratitude and submission through sacrificial worship, acknowledging God as the sovereign of the universe.

[8:21]  ¹⁷ tn The Lord “smelled” (וַיָּרַח, vayyarakh) a “soothing smell” (רֵיחַ הַנִּיהֹחַ, reakh hannihoakh). The object forms a cognate accusative with the verb. The language is anthropomorphic. The offering had a sweet aroma that pleased or soothed. The expression in Lev 1 signifies that God accepts the offering with pleasure, and in accepting the offering he accepts the worshiper.

[8:21]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and the Lord said.”

[8:21]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “in his heart.”

[8:21]  ²⁰ tn Here the Hebrew word translated “curse” is קָלָל (qalal), used in the Piel verbal stem.

[8:21]  ²¹ tn The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) can be used in a concessive sense (see BDB 473 s.v. כִּי), which makes good sense in this context. Its normal causal sense (“for”) does not fit the context here very well.

[8:21]  ²² tn Heb “the inclination of the heart of humankind.”

[8:21]  ²³ tn Heb “from his youth.”

[8:22]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “yet all the days of the earth.” The idea is “[while there are] yet all the days of the earth,” meaning, “as long as the earth exists.”

[8:22]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “seed,” which stands here by metonymy for the time when seed is planted.