Genesis 36:15

36:15 These were the chiefs ¹  among the descendants ²  of Esau, the sons of Eliphaz, Esau’s firstborn: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,

Genesis 36:18-19

36:18 These were the sons of Esau’s wife Oholibamah: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Korah. These were the chiefs descended from Esau’s wife Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah.

36:19 These were the sons of Esau (also known as Edom), and these were their chiefs.

Genesis 36:30-31

36:30 chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief Dishan. These were the chiefs of the Horites, according to their chief lists in the land of Seir.

36:31 These were the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king ruled over the Israelites: ³ 

Exodus 15:15

15:15 Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified, ⁴ 

trembling will seize ⁵  the leaders of Moab,

and the inhabitants of Canaan will shake.

Numbers 20:14

Rejection by the Edomites

20:14 ⁶ Moses ⁷  sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom: ⁸  “Thus says your brother Israel: ‘You know all the hardships we have experienced, ⁹ 

[36:15]  ¹ tn Or “clan leaders” (so also throughout this chapter).

[36:15]  ² tn Or “sons.”

[36:31]  ³ tn Or perhaps “before any Israelite king ruled over [them].”

[15:15]  ⁴ tn This is a prophetic perfect.

[15:15]  ⁵ tn This verb is imperfect tense.

[20:14]  ⁶ sn For this particular section, see W. F. Albright, “From the Patriarchs to Moses: 2. Moses out of Egypt,” BA 36 (1973): 57-58; J. R. Bartlett, “The Land of Seir and the Brotherhood of Edom,” JTS 20 (1969): 1-20, and “The Rise and Fall of the Kingdom of Edom,” PEQ 104 (1972): 22-37, and “The Brotherhood of Edom,” JSOT 4 (1977): 2-7.

[20:14]  ⁷ tn Heb “And Moses sent.”

[20:14]  ⁸ sn Some modern biblical scholars are convinced, largely through arguments from silence, that there were no unified kingdoms in Edom until the 9th century, and no settlements there before the 12th century, and so the story must be late and largely fabricated. The evidence is beginning to point to the contrary. But the cities and residents of the region would largely be Bedouin, and so leave no real remains.

[20:14]  ⁹ tn Heb “found.”