Genesis 38:6-10

38:6 Judah acquired ¹  a wife for Er his firstborn; her name was Tamar. 38:7 But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was evil in the Lord’s sight, so the Lord killed him.

38:8 Then Judah said to Onan, “Have sexual relations with ²  your brother’s wife and fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to her so that you may raise ³  up a descendant for your brother.” ⁴  38:9 But Onan knew that the child ⁵  would not be considered his. ⁶  So whenever ⁷  he had sexual relations with ⁸  his brother’s wife, he withdrew prematurely ⁹  so as not to give his brother a descendant. 38:10 What he did was evil in the Lord’s sight, so the Lord ¹⁰  killed him too.

[38:6]  ¹ tn Heb “and Judah took.”

[38:8]  ² tn Heb “go to.” The expression is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.

[38:8]  ³ tn The imperative with the prefixed conjunction here indicates purpose.

[38:8]  ⁴ sn Raise up a descendant for your brother. The purpose of this custom, called the levirate system, was to ensure that no line of the family would become extinct. The name of the deceased was to be maintained through this custom of having a child by the nearest relative. See M. Burrows, “Levirate Marriage in Israel,” JBL 59 (1940): 23-33.

[38:9]  ⁵ tn Heb “offspring.”

[38:9]  ⁶ tn Heb “would not be his,” that is, legally speaking. Under the levirate system the child would be legally considered the child of his deceased brother.

[38:9]  ⁷ tn The construction shows that this was a repeated practice and not merely one action.

[38:9]  ⁸ tn Heb “he went to.” This expression is a euphemism for sexual intercourse.

[38:9]  ⁹ tn Heb “he spoiled [his semen] to the ground.” Onan withdrew prematurely and ejaculated on the ground to prevent his brother’s widow from becoming pregnant.

[38:10]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.