Genesis 4:10-11

4:10 But the Lord said, “What have you done? ¹  The voice ²  of your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground! 4:11 So now, you are banished ³  from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.

Genesis 4:21

4:21 The name of his brother was Jubal; he was the first of all who play the harp and the flute.

Genesis 14:12

14:12 They also took Abram’s nephew ⁴  Lot and his possessions when ⁵  they left, for Lot ⁶  was living in Sodom. ⁷ 

[4:10]  ¹ sn What have you done? Again the Lord’s question is rhetorical (see Gen 3:13), condemning Cain for his sin.

[4:10]  ² tn The word “voice” is a personification; the evidence of Abel’s shed blood condemns Cain, just as a human eyewitness would testify in court. For helpful insights, see G. von Rad, Biblical Interpretations in Preaching; and L. Morris, “The Biblical Use of the Term ‘Blood,’” JTS 6 (1955/56): 77-82.

[4:11]  ³ tn Heb “cursed are you from the ground.” As in Gen 3:14, the word “cursed,” a passive participle from אָרָר (’arar), either means “punished” or “banished,” depending on how one interprets the following preposition. If the preposition is taken as indicating source, then the idea is “cursed (i.e., punished) are you from [i.e., “through the agency of”] the ground” (see v. 12a). If the preposition is taken as separative, then the idea is “cursed and banished from the ground.” In this case the ground rejects Cain’s efforts in such a way that he is banished from the ground and forced to become a fugitive out in the earth (see vv. 12b, 14).

[14:12]  ⁵ tn Heb “Lot the son of his brother.”

[14:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “and.”

[14:12]  ⁷ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Lot) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[14:12]  ⁸ tn This disjunctive clause is circumstantial/causal, explaining that Lot was captured because he was living in Sodom at the time.